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COURSE OF STUDY.
Vol. I.
THE OLD TESTAMENT.
By Ie SCOrIEED ADAD:
BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES
Los Angeles, California
NINTH EDITION
Copyright 1907, by C. I. SCOFIELD
GRACE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
: WINONA LAKE, INDIANA
SECTION I.
THE SCRIPTURES.
INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS.
1. The Course of Study is divided into seven sections,
and it is required that the sections be studied in order. No
examination out of this order can be received.
When you have completed the study of a Section or Part,
write out the answers (following the printed instructions)
and return the examination in the return envelope.
2. You should procure a good Bible.
3. It will be found advantageous for two or more to study
together.
4. ALWAYS look out the Scripture references; Deke
and not the printed lessons, are the real subject of study.
5. Never leave a lesson until you understand it.
6. I difficulties arise, write to The Scofield Bible Cor-
respondence School, P. O. Box 502, New York, N. Y., U.S. A.
?. If your examinations are erroneous, but indicate real
effort on your part, your errors will be pointed out and the
opportunity given for a supplementary examination.
8. Answers must be written on one side of common note
paper.
9. Number the answers to correspond with the numbers
of the questions, but do not copy the questions.
10. Examinations rolled, written on both sides, or in pen-
cil, will be returned unread; also if incomplete.
11. Stamps must be sent with examinations, the return of
which is desired, otherwise they will be destroyed after in-
spection. Foreign students should remit postal order instead
of stamps.
12. Where answers are required to be from memory, the
student must use neither the Scripture nor the lesson outlines.
In all other cases, the same ves but not the lesson outlines,
may be used.
1 indie
INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS. 5
13. At the end of the Course you will receive a diploma if
ninety per cent of the answers are correct. The graduation ex-
amination will be sent when the final Course examination is ac-
cepted.
14. If an unexplained interval of six months shall elapse
without the return of an examination, the student’s connec-
tion with the school will cease.
15. Full name and address of student must be written on
both the examination and envelope.
16. Stamps should be inclosed in smaller envelope, which
must be pinned to first page of examination.
6 _- THE COURSE OF. STUDY.
COURSE OF STUDY.
SECTION I. THE SCRIPTURES.
1. InspiraTion: Irs NATURE AND EXTENT.
a. The testimony of Christ and of the writers,
6b. The proof from fulfilled prophecy.
2. Fur Divisions OF THE SCRIPTURES.
(1) Structural or outward.
a. Into Testaments.
b. Into books (dates and writers).
c. Into groups of books.
(2) Spiritual—divisions by subject-matter.
a. Dispensational divisions.
b. Ethnic divisions (Jew, Gentile, etc. ).
c. Miscellaneous divisions (Saved and unsaved,
salvation and rewards, standing and state, etc.).
3. ‘THE INTERPRETATION OF SCRIPTURE.
a. Typical Scriptures.
6. Historical Scriptures.
c. Prophetical Scriptures.
SECTION II. THE: STUDY OF THE SCRIPTURES,
1. How Tostupy THE PENTATEUCH AND HISTORICAL Books.
a. EP Vpes:
6. Narratives.
c. Prophetical portions.
2. How To sTuDY THE POETICAL Books.
a. In general.
b. Special books (Job, Canticles, etc. ).
3. How TO STUDY THE PROPHETICAL Books.
4, How To stupy THE GOSPELS.
a. Matthew. .
b. Mark. \
¢.. Luke.
2. .2\obn,
5.
6.
THE COURSE OF STUDY. 7
How To stupy THE ACTS AND EPISTLES,
How TO stuDY THE REVELATION.
SECTION III. THE GREAT WORDS OF SCRIPTURE.
1-Sin; 2—-Sacrifice; 3-Atonement; 4-Redemption; 5—Pro-
pitiation; 6—Reconciliation; 7-Righteousness; 8-Repentance;
9-Conversion; 10—Faith; 11—Justification; 12—-Assurance; 13
—Sanctification; 14-Life; 15-Forgiveness; 16—Glory; 17—Re-
_ ward; 18—-Punishment; 19—World; 20-Church; 21-Kingdom;
22—Sonship; 23-—Adoption, etc. — |
SECTION IV. GOD — FATHER, SON AND HOLY
be
SPIRIT.
Tue FaTuHEr. .
a. Old Testament names of God. ‘
6. The New Testament doctrine of the Fatherhood.
Tue Lorp Jesus Curist.
a. His deity—Lord.
6. His humanity—Jesus.
c. His offices—Christ.
(1) His prophetic office.
(2) His priestly office.
Sacrificer.
Intercessor.
Advocate.
(3) His kingly office.
- Tuer Hoty Spirit.
a. Personality.
b. Deity.
c. Offices.
SECTION V. THE SAINTS.
es
2.
Wuat THEY WERE. The scriptural doctrine of man.
WHAT THEY ARE, |
a. By the new birth.
b. By adoption.
c. By appointment.
d. By destiny.
§
THE COURSE OF STUDY.
SECTION VI. THE SERVICE OF SAINTS.
1. THe ENABLING.
rll
b.
Gifts of the Spirit.
The guidance of the Lord.
2. Tuer ConpbDiTIONS OF FRUITFUL SERVICE.
xs Q5 Sk
Abiding.
Cleansing.
Filling.
Prayer.
Obedience.
3. Tue MINISTRY OF THE WORD.
a.
b.
C~”
The use of the Bible in personal work.
What to preach.
How to preach.
SECTION VII. THE FUTURE.
1. PROPHETICAL EPOCHS.
“SMP AH SS
“2 OD
RON AS
The times of the Gentiles.
The day of the Lord.
The last days.
The great tribulation.
The millennium.
The eternal state.
ROPHETICAL EVENTS.
The fullness of the Gentiles.
The parousia of Christ.
(1) The first resurrection.
(2) The rapture of the Church.
(3) The bema of Christ.
(4) The marriage of the Lamb.
The glorious appearing.
The judgment of the nations.
The Millennium.
The loosing of Satan and the revolt of the nations.
The judgment of the great white throne.
a) poit-iy7 vy Sauk. &: 6-21;
Crocs. aka ,,
Ee Oe
and UG =
are
= nie is, i pee |
INSPIRATION. 9
LESSON. I.
The Nature and Extent of the Inspiration of the
Scriptures.
I. THE TESTIMONY OF CHRIST.
THE ARGUMENT.—Jesus Christ knew whether the Scriptures were true,
inspired and authoritative. He knew the writers. Whatever he said about
the Scriptures is therefore true and final to every believer.
1. THe O_p TESTAMENT.
a. The [losaic authorship and inspiration of the Penta-
teuch.
Matt. xxii. 23-32. Note ‘‘Moses said"’ (verse 24),
‘“‘The Scriptures” (verse 29), and ‘‘spoken unto you
by God” (verse 31). Ex. Ba Gey
Mark vii. 8-13. Connect ‘‘commandment of God”
(verse 9) with ‘‘Moses said” (verse 10). Cx.
Mark xii. 26. ‘‘Book of Moses;” ‘‘Gop spakKE unto
him.”
John v. 46. ‘‘Moses * * * wrote of ME.”
Luke xvi. 29-31.
Luke xxiv. 25-27, 44, 45.
John xvii. 17. ‘*Thy word is truth.”
&. The miraculous narratives of the Old Testament are
true. fey 3
Creation, Matt. xix. 4. Mads inet Seale + aXe.
The flood. Luke xvii. 27. ‘‘The flood came.”
Destruction of Sodom. Luke xvii. 29.
Lot’s wife. Luke xvii. 32.
Jonah. Matt. xii. 40. ‘‘Jonas was * * * in the whale’s
belly.”
Naaman. Luke iv. 27.. ‘‘Was cleansed.”
IO INSPIRATION.
¢. The Psalms and prophetical books are inspired. wy ft [bm
Mark xii. 36. ‘‘David said by the Holy Ghost.” Vs. i of
Luke iv. 17-21.* ‘“Phis day * * * fulfilled,” ——— - -———=>
Matt. xxiv. 15. ‘‘Daniel the prophet.”’ :
2. Tue New TESTAMENT.
Not one word of the New Testament had been written
when Christ departed from the earth; but we have His ex-
press authority for receiving it as the inspired word of God
a. He said plainly that He would leave the revelation &.
truth unfinished.
John xvi 22 Gi VAIO Sea 7
6. He promised that this reveiation should be completed
after His departure.
John xvi. 13.
c. He chose certain persons to receive such additional
revelations, and to be His witnesses, preachers and
teachers after His departure.
John xvi. 13; John xv. 27; Actsi. 8; Matt. xxviii. 19,
20} Acts dxiol5:17oit¥Orohty nade
ad. Knowing beforehand what they would write, He
gave their words precisely the same authority as His
own.
Matt. x. 14,15. ‘‘Your word.”
Luke x. 16. ‘‘Heareth vou, heareth ME.”
John xiii. 20. WLetk .1014/F9,20.
John xvii. 20. ‘*Through their word ”
yao
3. THe EXTENT TO WHICH THE BIBLE IS INSPIRED. 5 wy .
a. The testimony of Christ. | gov een
john xiv. 10. ‘‘The words.”
— John xvii. 8. ‘‘The words.” — 9
. P
John vi. 63. ‘“The words.” yon raed hit es
John viii. 47. The words.” “J, royce."
John xii. 48. ‘‘My words.”
Matt. v. 18. ‘‘Jot"—“titt ere gpd
b, The testimony of the writers. Whe. 2 are 12.70, 27.
Moses. Exodus iv/ 10-12; xxxiv. 27. re [$:20,
David. 2 Sam. Eee 2.
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Se vy Isaiah vi. 5-8.
| @*y > Jeremiah i. 7; xxxvi. 1, 2. ~
pj. Zech. vii. 7. ." |
aa 3 | _Balaam. Numbers xxii. 38: xxiii. 12-16: Ran 32:8
: & > Fault" Cori? to) yee ye ose ISB] SS
: as ‘3 Christ. John xiv. 10; viii. 40; xvii. 8.
aye: 3 eae 3- eo Revised SS SN BO he Fe 46 ee
F We conclude, ete hte gaa the testimony of Christ, and of
the writers themselves, that the Scriptures are verbally in-
spired—that the Holy Spirit gave the words. The notion that
‘the inspiration is in the concept,’”’ and not in the words, is
contrary to the express declaration of the witnesses who knew.
HESSON--IT.
The Nature and Extent of the Inspiration of the
Scriptures.—Continued.
‘Il. THE PROOF FROM FULFILLED PROPHECY.
THE ARGUMENT.—If the Scriptures contain predictions of future events ut-
tered so long before the events transpired that no merely human sagacity or
foresight could have anticipated them, and if these predictions are so de-
tailed, minute, and specific as to exclude the possibility that they are mere
guesses; and if these ancient, elaborate, and specific predictions have been
fulfilled with literal exactness, under circumstances which forbid the theory
that the prediction suggested the fulfillment, then we must say that such
predictions are superhuman—that is, inspired. But the Scriptures contain
hundreds of predictions concerning Israel, the land of Canaan, Babylon,
Assyria, Egypt, and numerous personages, so ancient, so singular, so
seemingly improbable, as well as so detailed and definite that no mortal
could have guessed or anticipated them; and these predictions have been
fulfilled by the elements, and by men who were ignorant of them, or who
12 INSPIRATION.
utterly disbelieved them, or who struggled with frantic desperation to avert_
their fulfillment. We therefore say the Scriptures areinspired. ‘‘Prophecy
came not in olden time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake as
they were moved by the Holy Ghost.” 2 Peter i. 21. ~
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Gen. xv. 18 with Exodus i. 13, 14. ae 3
Gen. xv. 14 with Exodus xii. 27-41. nt 3 5 <
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3. FULFILLED PROPHECIES CONCERNING ASSYRIA, ce
Isa. vii. 17-20 with 2 Kings xviii. 9-13.
Isa. x. 12-24.
4, FuLFILLED PROPHECIES CONCERNING CHRIST.
Gen. iii, 15 with Luke ii. 7; Gal. iv. 4.
Isa. vii. 14 with Matt. i. 21-23.
Gen. xli. 3 with Heb. ii. 16, 17.
6. His divinity.
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a. His humanity. |
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Isa. ix. 6 with Matt. xvii. 5. |
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Psa. ii, 7, 8 with John x. 30.
Zech, xiii. 7 with Phil. ii. 6.
¢. His lineage.
a Gen. xii. 3 with Gal. iii. 16.
Gen. xxi. 12 with Luke iii. 34.
Isa... xi. 1 with Matt. 1. 5,
: Gen. xxviii. 14 with Matt. i. 2.
Gen. xlix. 10 with Heb. vii. 14.
2 Sam. vii. 14-16 with Luke i. 31-33.
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(Y) Citisn ow MyBB! XRD Kamd. Lanekata! v.32,33. 64) Enjoy
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INSPIRATION. 13
His forerunner.
Mal. iii. 1 with Luke i. %6.
Mal. iv. 5 with Luke i. 17.
Isa. xl. 3 with Matt. iii. 3.
His birth.
Isa. vii. 14 with Matt. i. 18-21.
Micah v. 2 with Luke ii. 4-7.
His offices.
fel et eee,
Prophet: joecass .32 saTN
Deut. xviii. 15 with Luke ix. 35. 3 oa, Er be
Isa. lxi. 1, 2 with Luke iv. 16-26. eae BL y
Priest : Poe aN een
Psa. cx. 4 with Heb. v. 5, 6.
Isa. xl. 11 with John x. 14.
King:
Zech. ix. 9 with Matt. xxi. 1-9.
Micah v. 2 with Matt. ii. 1, 2.
His humiliation.
Zech. xiii. 6, 7, with Luke xxiii. 33.
Psa. lxix. 8 with John vii. 5. : z
Isa. liii. 2 with Mark vi. 3. —» SRa pbeodiad rekreance v2 Ug
Isa. liii. 8 with John xix. 15. U.S, aw b Uns Kea ow
iii i oo LB, Uy cloas ek Ra
Isa. liii. 3 with Mark xv. 33, 34. peace ar : Ne
Isa. liii. 7 with Luke xxiii. 8, 9. PO Re te
Isa, liii. 7 with Matt. xxvii. 12. qo, po 3 Bi, dame ple
Isa. 1. 6 with Matt. xxvi. 67. OR Ren Arca Aprrrrewse, =
Isa. 1. 6 with John xix. 1.
Isa. lit. 14 with Mark xv. 17.
Isa. lii. 14 with Luke xxii. 63, 64.
His crucifixion and death.
In the study of the predictions of the death of Christ
by crucifixion, it should be borne in mind that, at the
date of the writing of these prophecies, nothing could
have seemed a wilder improbability. And this improba-
bility was two-fold: 1. That Messiah should die at all.
2. That He should die by a form of punishment not
known among the Jews.
14 DIVISIONS OF SCRIPTURE.
Zech. xii. 10 with John xx. 24-29.
Zech. xiii. 6 with John xx. 24-29.
Psa. xxii. 1 with Matt. xxvii. 46.
Psa. xxii. 7, 8 with Luke. xxiii, 35, 36.
Psa, xxii. 12, 138 with Mark xv. 29-31.
Psa xxi 4d 75
Psa. xxii. 18 with John xix. 22-24.
Isa. lii. 14 with Mark xv. 17; Luke xxii. 64; Matt..
XXVICOT)
Isa. liii. 3 with John xix. 15.
Isa. liii. 7 with Luke xxiii. 8, 9; Matt. xxvii. 12.
Isa, liii. 9 with Matt. xxvii. 57, 60.
Psa. xxxiv. 20 with John xix. 33-36.
2, His resurrection.
Psa. xvi. 10 with Luke xxiv. 1-3, and Eph. iv. 8
(eae 17 sy Matt. xii. 39, 40.
*Canon Farrar an ‘fi passage, written more than one thousand years
before Christ, ‘‘an intensely graphic picture of death by crucifixion.” Note
the details: Bones [of the arms, hands and pelvis] out of joint; action of
heart affected; strength exhausted; intense thirst; partial nudity, etc. All
these are concomitants of death by crttcifixion.
LESSON III.
The Divisions of the Scriptures.
i STRUCTURAL, VK "OUTWARD.
- Op TESTAMENT, 39 Books.
New TeEsTaMENT. 27 Books.
b. Books.
z eke 1-3 —- 103.
rte Poy trl Pos arrnncacele Ks and Usa m
Bie Weert wry ..0) cde Ae. to wo ,
- Examples. lie ep et Ib: 5 * 92. hae
ees oS se: a ae Be s. 3:10-12: Gaui .1%,
| Vt Le )
I- dhe andy aaa OG, peo aise O& borks,
| amd burrs mow, 1Ooo upenia op Khana.
ES at NG Aa® wt Ll arm
he ie ie peas 1 RE re Merri Ges ABW |
of fanfic "Sete Rok. BLiman Yoh Oe
2. -CW anreeWWor Now ONS ee OO mAar.eh era tread
amc patisw AwardkraadtiL sg ee
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DIVISIONS OF SCRIPTURE.
OLD TESTAMENT.
15
GROUP. BOOK. WRITER.
Genesis. Moses.
| Exodus. Moses.
Pentateuch. Leviticus. Moses.
Numbers. Moses.
Deuteronomy. Moses.
Joshua, Joshua.
Judges. Samuel?
- Ruth.. Samuel?
I, II Samuel. Unknown.
Historical. I, II Kings. Ezra?
I, II Chronicles. Ezra?
Ezra. Ezra.
Nehemiah. Nehemiah.
Esther. Mordecai?
Job: Job?
Psalms. David, et al.
Hectieas Proverbs. Solomon.
: Ecclesiastes. Solomon.
Song of Solomon. Solomon.
Lamentations. Jeremiah.
Jonah. Jonah.
Amos. Amos.
Hosea. Hosea.
Obadiah. Obadiah.
Prophetic. Joel. Joel.
(Pre-Exile). Isaiah. Isaiah.
Micah. Micah.
Nahum. Nahum.
Zephaniah. Zephaniah.
Habakkuk. Habakkuk.
, Jeremiah. eremiah.
prophet is Ezekiel. Heokiel
. Daniel. Daniel.
: Haggai. Haggai.
oe aes ‘Zechariah. Zechariah.
Malachi. Malachi.
16 DIVISIONS OF SCRIPTURE.
NEW TESTAMENT.
GROUP. ee ee a BOOK. WRITER.
| Matthew. : Matthew.
Mark. + Mark.
Historical. Luke. Luke.
John. John.
Acts. Luke.
Galatians. Paul.
Doctrinal. Romans. Paul.
Hebrews. | Paul.
I Corinthians. | Paul.
Church order, II Corinthians. Paul.
ministry, etc. I Timothy. Paul.
Titus. Paul.
Ephesians, Paul.
Church truth. | Colossians. | Paul.
| Philippians. Paul.
| I Thess. Paul.
te : Philemon. Paul.
Christian life. James. James.
I Peter. Peter.
I John. John.
II Thess. Paut.
II Timothy Paul.
The course and II Peter. Peter.
end of this age. II John. John.
IIT John. John.
Jude. | Jude. Be
Prophetical. | Revelation. | John.
NOTES. °
1. The Biblical division of the Old Testament is into three
parts: (1) The Law, by which were meant the five books of
Moses; (2) The Prophets, in which classification were included
the historical books, and (3) The Psalms, including in this class ~
the poetical books. Luke xxiv. 44.
2. The Jewish or Rabbinical division, which is followed in
Luke xxiv. 27, was into the Law, the Prophets, and the Writ-
ings.
DIVISIONS OF SCRIPTURE: DISPENSATIONAL. rye
3. Hebrew poetry was of three kinds: (1) Lyrical, of which
the Song of Deborah is an example; (2) Gnomic, or sententious,
pithy sayings, of which Proverbs is the characteristic example,
though Ecclesiastes is a more developed type of the same
method; (3) Dramatic, as Job or Canticles. 7
4. The common division of the Prophets into Major and
Minor, based upon the length or brevity of the writings, is me-
chanical and unscientific. The true division is the Babylonish
captivity, for the writings themselves take color from that
epoch, considered as approaching, as present, and as past.
LESSON IV.
The Divisions of the Scriptures.—continued.
II. SPIRITUAL—DIVISIONS BY SUBJECT-MATTER.
a. DISPENSATIONAL DIVISIONS.
A dispensation is a period of time during which God deals in
a particular way with man in respect to sin, and to man’s re-
sponsibility.
Examples.—The Dispensation of Innocence, during which
Adam and Eve were responsible to keep their innocency by ab-
staining from the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and
evil. The Dispensation of Law, when the Jews were respon-
sible to keep the law. :
The Scriptures divide time, or the whole period from the
creation of Adam to the ‘‘new heaven and a new earth” of Rev.
Xx1., into seven dispensations of unequal length. Five have
been fulfilled, we are living in the sixth, and have before us
the seventh. All have closed, or will close, in judgment.
18 DISPENSATIONS.
1. INNOCENCY.
This dispensation extended from the creation of Adant to
the expulsion from Eden. The consequences of the failure
of man under this first dispensation have been the most dis-
astrous and far-reaching of any.
(1) Man’s state at the beginning. Gen. 1. 26-29. Suoluttons?
(2) His responsibility. Gen. ii%16, 17.
(3) His failure. Gen. iii. 6,7, 2.
(4) The judgment. Gen. ili. 24.
(5) Consequences. Gen. iii. 14-19; Rom. v. 12, 18, 19.
2. CONSCIENCE.
This dispensation extended from the fall to the flood. By
the fall Adam and Eve acquired, and transmitted to the race,
the knowledge of good and evil, or natural conscience. By
this the race came under responsibility to do good and not
evil. Qt
(1) Man’s state at the beginning. Gen. ili. 22.
(2) His responsibility. Gen. iv. 7, f. c. “Woe ast2Q .”
(3) His failure. Gen. Vi. 5, 11, 12.
(4) The judgment. Gen. vii. 11, 12, 23.
3. Human GOVERNMENT.
Out of the judgment which terminated the dispensation of
conscience, God saved eight persons, to whom He gave the
purged earth, with ample power to govern it. This dispen-
sation extended from the end of the flood to the dispersion at
Babel.
(1) Man’sstate at the beginning. Gen. vii. 1; Heb. xi.
ae '
(2) His responsibility. Gen. ix. 126, Sovern + raph niok,
(3) His failure. Gen. xi. 1-4.
(4) The judgment. Gen. xi. 5-8.
4, PROMISE.
Out of the dispersed descendants of the builders of Babel
God called one man, Abram, with whom he entered into
covenant. He promised Abram (a) a land; (4) a natural or
earthly seed; (c) a spiritual or heavenly seed. Other prom-
ises were conditional upon faithfulness and obedience. This
dispensation extended from the call of Abram to the giving of
the law. | :
DISPENSATIONS. 19
(1) Man’s state at the beginning. Gen. xii. 1-3; xiii.
14-17; xv. 5.
(2) His responsibility. Gen. xxvi. 33 / =—5-
(3) His failure. Gen, xlvii. 1.
(4) The judgment. Ex. i. 8-14,
ba Law.
This dispensation extends from Sinai to Calvary—from the
Exodus to the Cross. God, in grace, visited and delivered
His people out of Egyptian bondage. At Sinai He proposed,
after reminding them of the marvelous grace of their deliv-
erance, to give them the law. Instead of humbly pleading
for a continued relation of grace, they presumptuously an-
swered: ‘‘All that the Lord hath spoken we will do.”’
The history of Israel in the wilderness and in the land is
one long record of flagrant, persistent violation of the law,
and at last, after multiplied warnings, God closed the testing
of man by law in judgment, and first Israel, and then Judah,
were driven out of the land into a dispersion which still con-
tinues. A feeble remnant returned under Ezra and Nehe-
miah, of which, in due time, Christ came: ‘‘Born of a woman
—made under the law.” Him both Jews and Gentiles con-
spired to crucify. |
During this dispensation the entire Old Testament was
written, and all that portion from Ex. xix. to the end is
legal in its spirit, and has a primary application to the Jews
only. 3 |
(1) Man’s state at the beginning. Ex. xix. 1-4,.
(2) His responsibility. Ex. xix. 5, ; Rom. x. 5(fou.18:5)
(3) His failure. 2 Kings xvii. 7-17, 19; Acts ii. 22, 23.
(4) Thejudgment. 2 Kings xvii. 1-6, 20; xxv. 1-11;
Luke xxi. 20-24.
6. GRACE. |
The sacrificial death of the Lord Jesus Christ introduced
the dispensation of pure grace—which means undeserved fa-
vor, or God civinc righteousness, instead of God REQUIRING
_ righteousness, as under law.
Salvation, perfect and eternal, is now freely offered to Jew
and Gentile upon the one condition of faith.
20
DISPENSATIONS.
All of the New Testament was written in the early days
of this dispensation. The four Gospels, giving the life and
teachings of Christ, connect the dispensation of law with the
dispensation of grace, and partake of the character of each.
The Acts and the Epistles belong wholly to the dispensation
of grace.
The predicted result of this testing of man under grace
is judgment upon an unbelieving world and an apostate
church.
(1) Man’s state at the beginning. Matt. xviii. 114?)
Rom. iii. 19, 282) team. 3171-70; G28.
(2) His responsibility. John 1. 11-13; iii. 36; Sob. 9:15 AS 4.
(3) His predicted failure. Luke xix. 12-14; xviii. 8;
Matt. xxiv. 37-39.
(4) The judgment. 2 Thess. ii. 7-12.
The first event in the closing of this dispensation will be
the descent of the Lord from heaven, when sleeping saints
will be raised and, together with believers then living, caught
upto meet the Lord inthe air" P’Phess."tve re; £73
Then follows the brief period called ‘‘the great tribula-
tion.” Matt. xxiv. 21, 22; Zeph. 1. 15-18; Dan. xii..1; Jer.
sao? ? Revewith 14 Re Vv: .
‘After this occurs the personal return of the Lord to the
earth in power and great glory, and the judgments which
close the sixth and introduce the seventh and last dispensa-
tion. Matt. xxiv. 29, 30; xxv. 31-46. |
Tue KINGDOM.
After the purifying judgments which attend the personal
return of Christ to the earth, He will reign over restored Is-
rael and over the earth for one thousand years. This is the
period commonly called the millennium. The seat of His
power will be Jerusalem and the saints of this dispensation
will reign with Him. Acts xv. 14-17; Isa. ii. 1-4; Rev. xix.
T1, 21; xx. 1-6; Isa. xi. entire.
- But when Satan is ‘loosed a little season” he finds the nat-
ural heart as prone to evil as ever, and easily gathers the na-
tions to battle against the Lord and His saints, and this last
dispensation closes, like all the others, in judgment. ‘‘The
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JEW, GENTILE AND CHURCH. 21
great white throne” is set, the wicked dead are raised and fi-
nally judged, and then come the ‘‘new heaven and a new
earth”—eternity begun. Rev. xx. 3, 7-15; xxi. and xxii.
CHRONOLOGY.
From Adam to the Flood—innocence and con-
GRIN DES gi Paes ane ab BOR DRI. Oh 1656 years
From Flood to Abram—human government........ 427 years
From Abraham to Sinai—promise................. 430 years
From Sinai to Calvary—law.................2.000- 1524 years
From Calvary to 1 Thess. iv. 16-18—grace.......... ? years
From 1 Thess. iv. 16 to Matt. xxiv. 29, 30—the
ereat tribulation (probably) ..4 4 2. vissani. be: 7 years
From Matt. xxiv. 29, 30 to Rev. xx. 7—the kingdom 1000 years
From Rev. xx. 7 to Rev. xx. 11—‘‘a little season”... ? years
Pee Ne at ser. RAO KOI a |! Ses cPoptpeneto Haw « PEO aes BNR ? years
LESSON V.
The Divisions of the Scriptures.—cContinued.
II. SPIRITUAL—DIVISIONS BY SUBJECT-MATTER.
6b. Tue Erunic Division.
Whoever reads the Bible with any attention cannot fail to
perceive that more than half of its contents relate to one peo-
ple—the Israelites. It is perceived, too, that they have a very
distinct place in the dealings and counsels of God. Separated
from the mass of mankind, they are taken into covenant with
Jehovah, who gives them specific promises not given to any
22 JEW, GENTILE AND CHURCH.
other people. ‘Their history alone is told in Old Testament
narrative and prophecy—other peoples being mentioned only
as they touch the Jew.
Continuing his researches, the student finds large mention
in Scripture of another distinct body which is called the church.
The word church is the translation of a Greek word which
means ‘‘the called-out-ones assembled.” ‘This body also has a
distinct relation to God and, like Israel, has received from Him
specific promises.
The student also finds, in the scriptural division of the race,
another class, rarely mentioned, and distinguished in every re-
spect from both Israel and the church—the Gentiles.
Considered merely as human beings, these all have the unity
of a common descent from Adam. Acts xvii. 26.
From the creation to the call of Abram this unity was abso-
lute in every respect. No part of the race was dealt with sep-
arately.
That portion of the Scripture, then, from Gen. i. 1 to Gen.
xi. 9 concerns equally two of the three great divisions of the race
—the Jew and the Gentile.
From Gen. xi. 10 to Mal. iv. 6the Jew is primarily in view;
the church veiled; (Eph. iii. 9, 10) the Gentile mentioned.
In the Gospels the Jew is primarily in view, but the church
is mentioned as soon to appear, in connection with a world-wide
preaching of the gospel to Jew and Gentile... Rom. xv. 8;
Matt. xvi. 18; xxviii. 19, 20.
From Acts i. 1 to Rev. iv. 1 the church is primarily in view,
the Jewish nation temporarily set aside; the Gentile and the
Jew as individuals, but especially the Gentile, shown to be the
objects of God’s solicitude.
From Rev. iv. 1 to Rev. xix. 21 the Jew, the Gentile and
apostate christendom are in view.
The comparative position of the Jew, the Gentile and the
church may be briefly seen in the following Scriptures:
THE JEw. THE GENTILE. Tue CHURCH.
Rom. ix. 4, 5. Eph, ii. 11, 1. Eph. i. 22, 23.
John iv. 22. Ephyiv."17, 13. Eph. v. 29-38,
Rom. iti. 1, 2. Mark vii. 27, ae Ret; divges
See prea he poe Rex
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JEW, GENTILE AND CHURCH. 23
1. Tue Jew.
All the communications of Jehovah to Israel as a nation
relate to the earth. If faithful and obedient, the nation is
promised earthly greatness, riches and power; if unfaithful
and disobedient, it is to be scattered ‘‘among all people, from
the one end of the earth even unto the other.” Deut. xxviii.
64. Even the promise of the Messiah is of blessing to ‘‘all the
families of the earth.” Gen. xii. 3.
2. THe CHURCH. 3
Further, Scripture shows that neither Israel nor the
‘church always existed. Each had a recorded beginning.
That of Israel we find in the call of Abram. Looking then
for the birth of the church we find (contrary, perhaps, to our
expectations, for we have probably been taught that Adam
and the patriarchs are in the church) that it certainly did not
exist before or during the earth life of Christ, for we find
Him speaking of His church as yet future when He says,
Matt. xvi. 18: ‘‘Upon this rock I wit build my church.”
Not have built, nor am building, but wii build.
We find, too, from Eph. iii. 5-10 that the church is not
once mentioned in Old Testament prophecy, but was in those
ages a mystery ‘‘hid in God.” Scripturally, we find the birth
of the church in Acts ii. and the termination of its career on
. the earth in 1 Thess. iv.
ConrTRASTS.
Comparing, then, what is said in Scripture concerning Israel
and the church, we find that in origin, calling, promise, wor-
ship, principles of conduct and future destiny all is contrast.
Compare:
ISRAEL. CHURCH.
Genixit, (B20 with Heb. iii. 1; Phil. iii. 20, R. V.
Deut. viii. 7, 8, with Matt. viii. 20; 1 Pet. i. 4; 1 Cor. iv. 11.
Gen. xxiv. 35, with Mark x. 23; James ii. 5,
Deut. xxviii. .7, - with John xvi. 2.
Deut. xxviii. 13, with Matt. xviii. 4.
Deut. vii. 1, 2, with Matt. v. 44; 1 Cor. iv. 12, 18.
Ex. xxi. 24, 25,:. with Matt. v. 39.
Deut, xxi. 18-21, with Luke xv. 20-23.
24 JEW, GENTILE AND CHURCH.
In the predictions concerning the future of Israel and the
church the distinction is still more startling. The church will
be taken away from the earth entirely, but restored Israel is yet
to have her greatest earthly splendor and power. See:
CHURCH.
John xiv. 2, 3;1 Thess. iv. 17; Phil. iii. 20, 21; 1 John iii. 2;
ev, ix. 70s xx ieee
ISRAEL,
Luke i. 31-33; Acts xv. 14-16; Rom. xi. 1, 11, 24-26; Isa. x1.
dP les sy. 1: Jer, xvid, Lb -oxent, 3, 6. xe Ri Oe ee
ii. 14, 15.
In the particular relation to God of Israel and of the church
contrast is again seen:
ISRAEL WAS
1. To be a witness to the unity of God in the midst of uni-
versal idolatry. Deut. vi. 4 with Isa. xlii. 10612.
2. To illustrate to the nations the blessedness of serving
the one true God. Deut. xxxiil. 26-29; 1 Chron. xvii. 20, 21;
Psa. cxliv. 15.
3. To furnish the penmen and be the preserver of the in-
spired word. Rom. iti. 1, 2; Deut. iv. 5-8. |
4. To be the custodian of the Messianic promise. Gen. iii.
153. xil. Gs xxi; dievaxvin 10.14: xii 410s: 2 -Saimy iio ee
Iv 3, 43° Mattie
THE CHURCH IS
1. The body of which Christ is the head. Eph. i. 20, 23;
1 OXe) gab gt a A ES Do) a AO
aoe The bride of. Christ... 2 Cor..x1,, 22s evo soe eer.
xix. 7,8. (darark aloo’ Hos. 216; doa. 54:56.)
3. An habitation and temple of God. I Pet. ii. 5; Eph. ii.
19-22.
4. An object lesson in grace. Eph. ii. 7.
5. An illustration of the wisdom of God. Eph. iii. 10.
6. A body of co-heirs and co-rulers with God’s Son. Rom.
vill. 16, U4; Reviixx.'6. Cou aac oy a Bele Mt
7. A new priesthood, Christ being the high priest. 1 Pet.
113 Bee INOVN 1, 06, .
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ss THE TWO ADVENTS. 25
aa
Of coutse it is not meant that a godly Jew did not, at death,
go to,liéaven. The distinction is that the incentive to godli-
ness’in his case was earthly reward, not heavenly.
Thus it is seen that the elementary distinction between Israel
and the church is that the former is of and for the earth, the
latter of and for heaven; the former under a covenant of
works, the latter the object of unconditional grace.
It may safely be said that the Judaizing of the church has
done more to hinder her progress, pervert her mission and de-
stroy her spirituality than all other causes combined. Instead
of pursuing her appointed path of separation, persecution,
world-hatred, poverty and non-resistance, she has used Jewish
Scripture to justify her in lowering her purpose to the civiliza-
tion of the world, the acquisition of wealth, the use of an im-
posing ritual, and the erection of magnificent churches.
LING WL:
The Divisions of the Scriptui‘es.— Continued.
¢c. MISCELLANEOUS DIVISIONS.
ieee wo aVvEN is... Key text, 1 tet, ai tT.
Whoever carefully considers Old Testament prophecies must
be struck by two contrasting, and seemingly contradictory, lines
of prediction concerning the coming Messiah. One body of
prediction speaks of him as coming in weakness and humilia-
tion, a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief, a root out of
dry ground, having no form nor comeliness nor beauty that
He should be desired. His visage is to be marred, His hands
and feet pierced. He is to be forsaken of man and of God, and
to make His grave with the wicked. See:
Isa. liii. entire; Isa. vii. 14; Psa. xxii, 1-18; Dan. ix. 26;
Zech. xili. 6, 7; Mark xiv. 27.
26 THE TWO ADVENTS.
The other line of prophecy foretells a splendid and resistless
sovereign, purging the earth with awful judgments, regather-
ing dispersed Israel, restoring the throne of David in more
than Solomon’s splendor and introducing a reign of profound
peace and perfect righteousness. See, as examples:
TSag Ri 2901 2s Dent oxxs else te lea cee
21-23; Isa. xl. 9-11; Jer. xxiii. 5-8; Dan. vii. 13, 14; Micah. v.
Be Matt ded Wit. 2; uuked plod.
In due time the fulfillment of Messianic prophecy began with
the birth of the Virgin’s son according to Isaiah, in Bethlehem
according to Micah, and proceeded with perfect literalness unto
the full accomplishment of every prediction of Messiah’s humil-
iation. But the Jews would not receive their king, ‘‘meek and
sitting upon an ass and a colt the foal of an ass,’’ but crucified
Him. Zech ix. 9 with Matt. xxi. 1-5, etc; John xix, 15, 16.
What now becomes of the prophetic utterances which posi-
tively foretold the earthly power of David’s son? It must be
remembered that in volume these exceed the predictions of
Messiah’s sufferings in the proportion of eight to one. Indeed,
the earthly glory of Messiah is the great theme of Old Testa-
ment prophecy.
The answer is found in the testimony of Christ, and of every
one of the writers of the New Testament, to a second advent of
Messiah, when the predictions concerning His earthly glory
will receive the same precise and literal fulfillment as did those
which concerned his earthly sufferings.
1. The promises to Israel require our Lord’s return.
(Deutiracxxy 1-6 + [sax 10-22" dere 5-85) Hosea
il, 4,5; Acts xv. 14-16; Zech. xii, 10;"Zechexni, 6;
Zech, xiv. 4-9: Luke 1. 31-33; Matt. xxiv: 27-30.
2. The predictions concerning the Gentiles require our
Lord’s return.
Teac LG aCe: ave LG. uae
3. The promises to the church require our Lord’s return.
John, xiv...1-3; Rev. xxii 12s lo john ai. 2; 1 Thess:
iv. 16, 17; Acts 1. 11. Reve xu. 20: Phil in 207i
Titus ii. 18, and more than 300 other passages in the
New Testament.
Chat es. oy
ee.
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ip Hae | ae dace nol Och AvVU Le Me
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One sprncions
LAW AND GRACE. 27
The great theme of all the Old Testament, as we know from
Christ himself, is ‘‘the sufferings of Christ, and the glories
which should follow.” 1 Pet. i, 11; Luke xxiv. 25, 26. The.
sufferings are accomplished; the ‘‘glories,” which include the
restoration of Israel and the thousand years’ reign of Christ,
will as surely follow.
The student, then, will find that all tity ae Scripture di-
vides along this line of cleavage, and belongs either to the first
or second advent of Messiah.
Be aoO WV LI.
The Divisions of the Scriptures.—cContinued.
¢. MISCELLANEOUS DIVISIONS.
2. Law AND GRACE.
The most obvious and striking division of the word of truth
is that between law and grace. Indeed, these contrasting prin-
ciples characterize the two most important dispensations—the
Jewish and Christian.
‘‘For the law was given by Moses, but grace and truth came
by Jesus Christ.” John i. 17.
The key-word to all the inspired writings from Ex. xx. 1, to
Mal. iv. 6, is law.
The key-word to all the inspired writings from the narratives
of the crucifixion in the Gospels to the end of Revelation is
grace. The four Gospels have an intermediate character.
It is not, of course, meant that there was no law before
Moses, any more than that there was no grace and truth before
Jesus Christ. The forbidding to Adam 6f the fruit of the tree
of the knowledge of good and evil (Gen. ii. 17) was law, and
:
ir
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= ee or. a ee ee eh le
ee eae
en ee ae
28 LAW AND GRACE.
surely grace was most sweetly manifested in the seeking, by
the Lorp God, of His sinning creatures, and in His clothing
them with coats of skins (Gen. iii. 21)—a beautiful type of
Christ ‘“‘made untous * * * righteousness.” 1 Cor. i. 30.
Law, in the sense of some revelation of God’s will, and grace,
in the sense of some revelation of God’s goodness, have always
existed, and to this Scripture abundantly testifies. But ‘‘the
law” everywhere mentioned in Scripture was given by Moses,
and, from Sinai to Calvary, dominates (characterizes) the time,
just as grace dominates, or gives its peculiar character, to the
dispensation which begins at Calvary, and has its predicted ter-
mination in the rapture of the church.
It is, however, of the most vital moment to observe that
Scripture never, in any dispensation, mingles these two prin-
ciples. Law always has a place and work distinct and wholly
diverse from that of grace. Law _is God prohibiting and _re-
quiring; grace is God _beseeching and bestowing. Law is a
ministry of condemnation; grace, of forgiveness. Law curses;
grace redeems from that curse. Law kills; grace makes alive.
Law shuts every mouth before God; grace opens every mouth >
to praise him. Law puts a great and guilty distance between
man and God; grace makes guilty man nigh toGod. Law says,
‘‘An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth;” grace says, ‘‘Re-
sist not evil; but whosoever shall smite thee on thy right cheek,
turn to him the other also.” Law says, ‘‘Hate thine enemy ;”
grace, ‘‘Love your enemies, bless them that despitefully use
you.” Law says, ‘‘Do and live;’’ grace, ‘‘Believe and live.”
Law never had a missionary; grace is to be preached to every
creature. Law utterly condemns the best man; grace freely
justifies the worst. Luke xxiii. 43; Rom. v. 15; 1 Tim. 1. 15;
1 Cor. vi. 9-11. Law is a system of probation; grace, of favor.
Law stones an adulteress; grace says, ‘‘Neither do I condemn
thee.” Under law the sheep dies for the shepherd; under grace
the Shepherd dies for the sheep.
Everywhere the Scriptures present law and grace in sharply
contrasted spheres.
The mingling of them in much of the current teaching of
the day spoils both, for law is robbed of its terror, and grace
of its freeness. |
ee ce | th te,
= JO Lk a Grecian preach Us Nath este,
)
f iS.
%
ame ph eae dE Es Se ee ee oe eee ee mR cig wv es ee Mi -
en fe ee i nema NN nr NR pgp erg sl |= nl No tte See hae
— Morte. 22:.36-+0, Me or oh of ae
| bee er We tas. a wh ee wall
2
| @ a) pee Mee uy Oa le pate ae ee
a Se al ap des] af (3) Crceren, (G)
LAW AND GRACE. 29
The student should observe that “law,” in the New Test -
ment Scriptures, usually means the law given by Moses,
There are few exceptions. But the distinction sometimes
made between ‘‘moral” law, so-called, or the Ten Command-
ments, and ‘‘ceremonial’ law, or the directions for Jewish wor-
ship, sacrifice and priesthood, is one wholly unknown to Scrip-
ture. The whole law, ‘‘moral” and ‘‘ceremonial,” forms a com-
plete system. A Jew was ‘‘righteous,” e. g., Luke i. 6; or,
‘touching the righteousness which is in the law, blameless,”’’
Phil. iii. 6, not because he never broke the commandments, but
because, having sinned, he brought the offering required by
the law. Save Jesus of Nazareth no man ever kept the Ten
Commandments.
Sometimes, however, as in Rom. iti. 19, 20; vii. 7; Gal, il.
16; iii. 13; etc., the Commandments only are referred to. ( )
It should be remembered, also, that in the ceremonial law are
| enshrined those marvelous types—the beautiful foreshadow-
| ings of the person and work of the Lord Jesus as priest and
sacrifice, which must ever be the wonder and delight of the spir-
itually minded. Expressions in the Psalms, which would be in-
explicable if understood only of the ‘‘ministration of death writ-
ten and engraven in stones” (2 Cor. iii. 7), are made clear when
seen to refer also to the types—those lovely pictures of grace.
eto 2 CxXIK. Li, 94.
ere a har eer mS ale
ie ae ee re ees ce Fe genre O NS I sige -
1. Law.
a. What the law is.
Rom. vii. 12, 14, 22; 1 Tim. i. 8; Gal. dii. 12. Tre haus 4
b. To whom the law was given. e ‘an cae i
!
Pexiixx. 2; Deutiiy, 1,56) Markexii 29; Rom, ii, 145 3:43149,2.
Gal. iii. 25; Rom. vii. 4- 6.
c. The effect of the law.
Moni Vib ise rae tii. 19 Ce Panes? it. 10;
2 Cor, iit, 7, 9; Romy vii. 9 ;\t Cor? xv)56- ‘Rom. vii,
8; Gal. ili. 24.
It is evident, then, that God’s purpose in giving the
law, after the race had existed twenty-five hundred years
without it (John i. 17, Gal. ili. 17), was to bring to
guilty man the knowledge of his sin first, and then of
LAW AND GRACE.
his utter helplessness in view of God’s just requirements,
The law of the Ten Commandments is purely and only
a ministration of condemnation and death, and, with the
Levitical law, is a schoolmaster (literal, ‘‘child-leader’’)
unto Christ.
ad. What the law cannot do.
Rom. iii. 20; Gal. ii. 16, 21; iii, 11; Rom. viii. 3; Acts
xiii, 39; THebivitti19,
GRACE.
a. What is grace?
Titus iii, 4; Eph. ii. 7; 1 Tim. i. 15; John iii. 16; Rom.
V0 E Vo:
b. What is God’s purpose in grace?
g@, > Eph, ii. 8, 9; Titus 11-11-1393 i. 7; Rom. in, 24s, Qe
a ACtS Xz. 02° ph. 1G, 45 eLeD. IV. LU:
How complete, how all-inclusive! Grace saves, justi-
fies, builds up, makes accepted, redeems, forgives, be-
stows an inheritance, gives standing, provides a throne
to which we may come boldly for mercy and help, teaches
us how to live, and gives us a blessed hope!
c. Grace and law are diverse principles and cannot be
mingled.
Rom, xi. 6; iv. 4,5+ Gal. ii,, 16-18 ; iv, 21-31.
ad. The Believer is not under the law.
A eee, a ee, ee a i 1 a
ve A ee
wane
vette ae
The Sixth of Romans, after declaring the doctrine ot
the believer’s identification with Christ in His death
(verses 1-10), begins, with verse 11, the declaration of
the principles which should govern the walk of the
believer—his rule of life. This is the subject of the
remaining twelve verses; verse 14 gives the great
principle of his deliverance from not the guilt of sin,
that. is met by Christ’s blood, but the dominion of sin,
his bondage under it.
‘‘For sin shall not have dominion over you; for ye are
NOT UNDER THE LAW, but UNDER GRACE.”
Lest this should lead to the monstrous Antinomianism
of saying that therefore a godly life was not important,
the Spirit immediately adds: ‘‘What then? Shall we
i Seen ee Bea ghee
Seq more at jae ae mays oye
anal Normet -Lowr Ov deck week
pearls —o nee o QA Ctm- —
BOULo. -
Ps paeee
a ag ag rat "reno oa Us coven
erhalkieohid oA @ cher® ONG oe le
° OVC ow Be SP AB Ee ON Re
Rian ch ure eas aa BS.
ard Ale Worl Go Rour, - Adrae., ot
?
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i Qroae, Ud “ARS tec *
“ae ested ae re oe J +f: eee aL,
o e anc Vo
BS ao a Us. i
OORT AS) eee
ae ge bb Crm man bins Ke
j
LAW AND GRACE, 31
sin, because we are not under the law, but under grace?
God forbid.” Rom. vi. 15.
Surely every renewed heart answers Amen and Amen!
Then the Seventh of Romans introduces another prin-
ciple of deliverance from law.
“Wherefore, my brethren, ye also ARE BECOME DEAD TO
THE LAW by the body of Christ, that ye should be mar-
ried to another, even to him who is raised from the dead,
that we should bring forth fruit unto God. For when
we were in the flesh, the motions of sin, which were by
the law, did work in our members, to bring forth fruit
unto death. But now we ARE DELIVERED FROM THE LAW,
that being dead wherein we were held; that we should
SERVE IN NEWNESS OF SPIRIT, AND NOT IN THE OLDNESS OF
THE LETTER.” Rom. vii. 4-6. That this does not refer
to the ceremonial law, see verse 7. ‘‘For I through the
law AM DEAD TO THE LAw, that I might live unto God.”
Gal ii. 19.
‘‘But before faith came, we were kept under the law,
shut up unto the faith which should afterward be revealed.
Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster to bring us un-
to Christ, that we might be justified by faith. Bur ar-
TER THAT FAITH IS COME, YE ARE NO LONGER UNDER A
SCHOOLMASTER.” Gal. iti. 23-25.
“‘But we know that the law is good, if a man use it
lawfully; knowing this, that THE LAW IS NOT MADE FOR A.
RIGHTEOUS MAN.” 1 Tim. 1. 8, 9.
The believer’s rule of life.
Pens oo ipower et. Jil lori pn, Iv. bos Vv. Ly
2, 0,110,163 Gal. vy. 165 John’ x1ii,°16;"xv. 10,12;
Rivage. John iit, 22, 25; Heb. x.16.*
*A beautiful illustration of this principle is seen in
mother-love. The law of the commonwealth requires
parents to care for their offspring, and pronounces penal-
ties for the willful neglect of them; but the land is full
of happy mothers who tenderly care for their children in
perfect ignorance of the existence of such astatute. The
law is in their hearts.
32
THE TWO NATURES.
It is instructive, in this connection, to remember that
God’s appointed place for the tables of the law was within
the ark of the testimony. With them were ‘‘the golden
pot that had manna, and Aaron’s rod that budded’”’—
types, the one of Christ, our wilderness bread, the other
of resurrection, and both speaking of grace—while they
were covered from sight by the golden mercy-seat upon
which was sprinkled the blood of atonement. The eye
of God could see His broken law only through the blood
that completely vindicated His justice, and piv essa
His wrath. Heb. ix. 4, 5.
LESSON WV ITT
The Divisions of the Scriptures.—continued.
c. MISCELLANEOUS DIVISIONS.
oS) LEE BELIEVER’S Two NATURES.
The Scriptures teach that every regenerate being is the pos-
sessor of two natures; one, received by natural birth, which is
wholly and hopelessly bad, and a new nature, received through
the new birth, which is the nature of God himself, and there-
fore wholly good.
ls
a.
Tue NATURAL Man.
His creation and fall.
Gen. i. 26, 27; ii. 16,17; iii. 12, 13, 17, 19, 22, 23, 24;
Rom. ‘v. 12:5
His frailty and infirmity.
Job. x. 20; xiv. 1; Psa. xc. 3-10; Isa. xl. 6-8.’
2.
THE TWO NATURES. 33
c. The evil of his nature.
Psa. li. 5; Jer. xvii. 9; Mark vii. 21-23; 1 Cor. ii. 14;
Rom: viii. 7, 8; Eph. ii, 3. daa. Gy:
By these it appears that the unconverted man has a
threefold incapacity. He may be gifted, or cultured, or
amiable, or generous, or religious. He may pay his hon-
est debts, be truthful, industrious, a good husband or
father,—or all these together—but he cannot obey God,
please God, or understand God.
It is one of the sorest of faith’s trials to accept the di-
vine estimate of human nature, to realize that our genial
and moral friends, who, not infrequently, are scrupulous
in the discharge of every duty, who are filled with sym-
pathy for all the woes and all the aspirations of humanity,
and strenuous in the assertion of human rights, are yet
utter contemners of God’s rights, and untouched by the
sacrifice of His Son. A refined and gentle lady, who
would shrink with horror from the coarseness of giving a
fellow creature the lie, will yet make God a liar every
dave. Ll tohn i105 v. 10; t
THe New Man.
The following Scriptures will show the origin and character
of the new man. It will be seen that the believer, while still
having, unchanged and unchangeable, his old nature, has re-
ceived a ‘‘new man,” ‘‘Christ in you the hope of glory,” and
that this new man is ‘‘after God created in righteousness and
true holiness.” !
Regeneration is a creation, not a transformation; the
bringing in of a new thing, not the change of an old. John
iii. 3; i, 12, 18;(Gal. iii. 26;) Eph. iv. 24; 2 Cor. v. 1%, R. V.;
ral ite 208 Colina? 3211118) 45 Phils 21)572,Pet. i2:4+sRom,
vill. 103,41) John, v.11. -bayeye |
But this new, divine nature, which is Christ’s own, subsists
in the believer together with the old nature. It is the same
Paul who could say, ‘‘Yet not I, but Christ liveth in me,’’
who also says, ‘‘For I know that in me (that is, in my flesh),
dwelleth no good thing,’’ (Rom. vii. 18); and, ‘‘I find then a
- law, that, when I would do good, evil is present with me.”
34 BELIEVERS AND PROFESSORS.
Rom. vii. 21. It was Job, the ‘‘perfect and upright man,”
who said, ‘‘I abhor myself.” It was Daniel, eminently a
man of God, who said, ‘‘My comeliness was turned in me in-
to corruption,” when he saw the glorified Ancient of Days.
Between these two natures there is conflict. Study care-
fully the battle between the two ‘‘I’s’—the old Saul and the
new Paul—in Rom. vii. 14-25. It is an experience iike this
which so discourages and perplexes young converts.
The Seventh of Romans is a record of the conflict of a re-
generate man with his old self, and is, therefore, intensely
personal. ‘‘I would, I do not;’ ‘I would not, I do;” is the
3.
sad confession of defeat which finds an echo in so many Chris-
tian hearts. In the Eighth chapter the conflict still goes on,
but how blessedly impersonal! ‘There is no agony, for Paul
is out of it; the conflict is now between ‘‘flesh”—Saul of Tar-
sus—and the Holy Spirit. Paul is at peace and victorious,
THE SECRET OF VICTORY OVER THE OLD NATURE.
Rom. viii. 2; Gal. v. 16, 17; Rom. viii. 13; vi. 11; xiii. 14;
Vili, 12.
LESSON aihX:
The Divisions of the Scriptures.—Continued.
c. MISCELLANEOUS DIVISIONS.
4, BELIEVERS AND PROFESSORS.
Ever since God has had a people of His own on this earth
they have been sorely troubled by the presence among them of
those who professed to be, but were not, of them. Beginning
under the very gate of Eden, this state of things will continue
until ‘‘the Son of man shall send forth his angels, and they shall
gather out of his kingdom all things that offend, and them
which doiniquity * * * tTHeEN shall the righteous shine forth
as the sun in the kingdom of their Father.” Matt. xiii. 41-43.
BELIEVERS AND PROFESSORS. 35
The recognition by Scripture of this mingling of tares and
wheat—of mere professors among true believers—greatly con-
fuses many students of the Word, who apply to the children of
God the warnings and exhortations meant only for the self-de-
ceived or hypocritical. |
The fact of such admixture is abundantly recognized in the
Scriptures. . See:
Gen. iv” 3-5; 2 Cor. xi. 13-15; Neh. xiii. 1-3; Matt. xiii.
24-30, 37-43; Num. xi. 4-6; 2 Pet. ii. 1, 2; Ex. xii. 38; Gal. ii.
4; Neh. vii. 63-65. Phit,s 3518194, DL Boy. 5: 1,2.
It is impossible, in the scope of one lesson, to refer to all the
passages which discriminate true believers from the mass of
mere formalists, hypocrites, and the deceived legalists who are
working FOR their own salvation, instead of working OUT a
salvation already received as a free gift. See Phil. ii. 12, 13,
with Eph. ii. 8, 9. Thefollowing, however, will sufficiently in-
dicate the lines of demarcation:
1. BELIEVERS ARE SAVED, PROFESSORS ARE LOST.
Compare:
BELIEVERS. PROFESSORS.
Luke vii. 50, with Acts vill. 13, 21.
: Acts ii. 42, with 1 John ii. 19.
pee: John x. 27, 29, with Matt. xii, 43-45.
Sy ppirhe: John vi. 37, 39, with John vi. 64-66.
-™.Matt. xxv. 10, with Matt. xxv. 11, 12.
Rom. iti. 22, with Matt. xxiii. 28, 33.
Rev. xix. 7, 8, with Matt. xxii. 11, 13.
John x. 14,
2 Tim. ii. 19, f with Matt. vii. 22, 23.
John vi. 47, with James ii, 14, R. V.
Heb. x. 39, with Heb. x. 38.
2. BELIEVERS ARE REWARDED, PROFESSORS CONDEMNED.
Compare:
Matt. xxv. 19-23, with Matt. xxv. 24-30.
Luke xii. 42-44, with Luke xii. 45-47.
Cor “int, 24, with Matt. vii. 22, 23.
‘Some texts are not free from difficulty, but with prayer,
careful study, and keeping in mind the important rule to never
:
| 36 STANDING AND STATE.
{
use a doubtful or obscure passage to contradict a clear and iy
{ positive one, light will surely come. Do not use an ‘‘if” to i
i | contradict a ‘‘verily”—Heb. vi. 6* to contradict John v.24.
The cases of Judas Iscariot, and of Peter should present n>
i difficulty. Judas was never a believer{?) See John vi. 68-11 ae
“woUReter never ceased tolpe. one, . Luke xxil. al, 32, howe .
Study carefully Matt. xiii. 28, 29; 1 Cor. iv. 5.—— a ae
H *It is not said that this supposed man had fa7¢h. It is the case of one who turns
1 | away from all that God can do to save. He has even ‘‘partaken”’ of the Holy Ghost _
1 in His convicting work. John xvi. 8-11. 2
na
<<
TOU IN a!
The Divisions of the Scriptures.—Continued
4 c. MISCELLANEOUS DIVISIONS.
5.4 Dae BELIEVER’S STANDING AND STATE.
A distinction of vast importance to the right understanding
of the Scriptures, especially of the Epistles, is that which con-
| cerns the standing of the believer, and his state or walk. :
f Much in the Epistles relates to the believer’s position, while
other passages refer to his condition of soul. 1
%
4
!
SS Se ee ee
The first is the result of the work of Christ, and is perfect
and entire from the very moment that Christ is received by
faith. Nothing in the after life of the believer adds in the 2
smallest degree to his title to God’s favor, or to his perfect se-
curity. Faith alone confers standing in G in God’s sight, and before
Him the weakest, most ignorant, most infirm and fallible man
on earth, if he be but a true believer on the Lord Jesus Christ,
iy has precisely the same title as the most illustrious saint.
ft What that title or sta nding is may be briefly seen from the
: following Scriptures:. \
| | Q)
| | a ie KR ae a Rane
i r=, 4 Mn J-t_2 a
=
ee ee
o~ ae woe oe
—- wi a ey WES ie
¢* F,
i ie t ‘¥ : {
' yes ere ee
MN mw Keates asp well ap Cred oe re aa
im 2:19; Tie, bases Ode 26:27, ie wages i
| RU oe |
pita aby Gan hoi
ee ire eee erie
OAC AW, au? = Ae BiII—-IS; F
Sg Pare Ep tT Sam, 3:6,7; tt aaa
Htreles (8°49 = 00; i a ‘Sob. F4 7-97, 19-26:
Pee Cr. a ke ee
Helge ~ ene eM ia nk. ng eae ef
I Jin, Cay ot Gees sit 13, ih 2 i
Better
hols ClotUmetr Panne Oy
c*
STANDING AND STATE. 37
Joha aj124 1, Peticil4, 55, 11::9;Rom. iv.1,.25 Hebs'x.19,
Eph. ii. 4-6; 1 Cor. xii. 138; LJohn v. 1; Eph. i. 11; Rev. i. 5,
6; John it. 16; Eph. i. 3; 11. 13; v. 30; Rom. vili. 17; 1 John
iii, 2; Col. ii. 10; 1 John v. 13; Eph. i. 6, 13; 1 Cor. vi. 19.
Every one of these marvelous things is true of every believ-
er on the Lord Jesus Christ. Not one item in this glorious in-
ventory is said to be gained by prayer, or by diligence in ser-
vice, or by church-going, or by alms-giving, or self-denial, or
holiness of life, or by any other description of good works. All
is the gift of God, through Christ, to faith, and therefore be-
longs equally to every believer. a
What his actual state may be is quite another matter; cer-
tainly it is far, far below his exalted standing in the sight of
God. It is not all at once that he becomes as royal, priestly,
and heavenly in walk as he is at once in standing.
1. ExampLres or CONTRAST.
STANDING. STATE.
torneo" OMitoel Cor ts las di 1-35. 1v. L828,
t Cor visit, (with L:Cor, vi. ¢.
iL Coraviotoo with b Cor, vi 1d.
Matt. xvi. 17, with Matt. xvi. 23.
Col. i. 12, 18, with Col. iti. 8, 9.
2. THe DIVINE ORDER, UNDER GRACE, IS FIRST TO Zive THE
HIGHEST POSSIBLE Standing AND THEN TO EXHORT THE BE-
LIEVER TO MAINTAIN A State IN ACCORDANCE THEREWITH.
GIFT. EXHORTATION.
Rom. vi. 6, with Col. 11. 20.
Matt. v. 14, with Matt. v. 16.
PAT OS Fa Us ae with Phil. ii. 12.
Eph. ii. 6, with Col. iti. 1.
Col. 111. 4, with Col. iii. 5;
Eph. v. 8, with Eph. v. 8.
1 Thess. v. 5, with 1 Thess. v. 6.
1 Thess. v. 9, 10, with 1 Thess. v. 11.
jas: &.; £0, with John xvii. 17.
$.@or. 1/130, with 1 Thess. v. 23.
Heb. x. 14, with Phil. iii. 12.
Phil. iti. 15,
1 John iv. 17,
with Heb. vi. 1.
with 1 John ii. 6.
38 SALVATION AND REWARDS.
tt may be said that all the after-work of God, in his behalf,
the application of the Word to his walk and conscience (John
xvii. 17; Eph. v. 26); the chastisements of the Father’s hand
(Heb. xii. 10; 1 Cor. xi. 32); the ministry of the Spirit, (Eph.
iv. 11, 12); all the difficulties and trials of the wilderness way
(1 Pet. iv. 12-14); and the final transformation when He shall
appear (1 John iii. 2), all are intended simply to bring the be-
liever’s character into perfect conformity to the position which
is his in the instant of his conversion. He grows in grace, in-
deed, but not into grace.
LESSON XI.
The Divisions of the Scriptures.—cContinued.
c. MISCELLANEOUS DIVISIONS.
6. SALVATION AND REWARDS.
The New Testament Scriptures contain a doctrine of salva-
tion for the Lost, and a doctrine of rewards for the faithful sez-
vices of the savepD; and it is of great importance to the right
understanding of the Word that the student shall comprehend
the distinction between these. What that distinction is may be
seen by carefully noting the following contrasts: =~
1.. SALVATION IS A FREE GIFT. 8
John iv. 10;(Rev. xxii. 17;) Eph. ii. 8, 9; Isa. lv. 1; Rom.
Vi. 23. QQ hia, Kee 23.99-49
But in contrast with the freeness of salvation, note that
2. REWARDS ARE EARNED BY WORKS. Rew.227, 1, tY, 26-23, a: S12 26.
Matt. x. 42; Rev. xxii. 12; Luke xix. 17; 2 Tim. tv. 7, 8;
1 Cor. ix. 24, 25; ii. 11-15; Rev. 11.10. [Not ‘‘life”—
the Smyrna saints had this—but a ‘crown”’ of life.
Crowns are symbols of rewards—of distinctions earned.
It may be remarked that five crowns are mentioned—
46 Do Cree Urea ordi aneca ue Oi eH,
M2ane, gare ae Aoi ade eye gi
'
Oe SEES Haagen ee eles Low hay
>, EOE Ong, oped Ke tA " Daurect"
Yeh ae Tae? eee eee, CC ea Se eee ee an, i Ce oe ares oe ee
, } ¥!
esi iyi Crowns
Pye ee
“Sate te 4-1,9-10 23 24- ee Ih ae 3. a .20;
oS: _ 7
i ap Fiore 2:14,
| oan rg on
A eel tig ay Ser- eG
OW oa Rm MP My Fre fedan ANY PAW MS EY A is sale yi 8 4: 9,F
2 DENG (PENI ES ea A ae
& ~ Moth, J: It2; RT By Be HM Bs Me
(BadrratiTeig Wek a “pacesarta) fp
i Sit. we fed | is retin E
; (Yaoi Bracks pA iton) |
pesca te Br, Math, (6.24, T Cov. 4: 24247
|
: THREE cn ee S Qe GSacvaTiON.
2 Po. «. a wr toe. oe
pe Rateor iia QiriRas
| ey han (: aa Bey (oR De Be ic Mee
ee
TWO RESURRECTIONS. 39
that of joy, or rejoicing, the reward of in at i ¢
iv. 1; 1 Thess. ii. he of r iene the reward of
ness-in- test imony ( im, 1V #1 of life, the re-
ward of faithfulness Anpoinr ale A ren Rev. ii. 10);
of glory, the reward of fai andér suffering (1
Pet. v. 4; Heb>i+-9), and the incorruptible crown, the
| reward a temperateness (1 Cor. ix. 24, 25). | Ps
g20 SALVATION IS A PRESENT POSSESSION.
- John ii. 36; 2 Tim. i. 9; 1 John v. 11; John v. 24, R. V.;
(Luke vii. 50 :)John vi. 47;(Titus iii. 5)
In contrast with the present tense in the salvation passages
is the future tense in reward passages:
4, REWARDS ARE A FUTURE ATTAINMENT.
Pate RL et LOPE. Ve ae, Re RIV Te oe DM, 1Ve os
Rev. xxii. 12; Matt. xxv. 19.
God’s purpose in promising to reward with heavenly and eter-
nal honors the faithful service of His saints is to win them
from the pursuit of earthly riches and pleasures, to sustain
them in the fires of persecution, and to encourage them in the
exercise of Christian virtues. See:
Heb. xi. 8-10, 24-27; Matt. v. 11, 12; x. 41, 42; Luke xii.
9-070; Col. 111. 22-24: Luke xiv. 12, 14; Daniel xii. 3; 2 Tim.
iV, oe tev, Xl, 2,"a; FORM IV. go, 50; Feb, vi, 10.
Finally, let us heed the warning—Reyv. iti. 11.
WE SOON ALT.
The Divisions of the Scriptures.—Continued.
¢. MISCELLANEOUS DIVISIONS.
%. Tur Two RESURRECTIONS.
The Word of Truth teaches in the clearest and most positive
terms that all of the dead will be raised. No doctrine of the
40 THE JUDGMENTS.
faith rests upon a more literal and emphatic body of Scripture
authority than this, nor is any more vital to Christianity. 1
Cor. xv. 13, 14.
But it isimportant to observe that the Scriptures do not teach
that all the dead are raised at one time. A partial resurrection
of saints has already occurred. Matt. xxvii. 52, 53. :
Two resurrections, differing in respect to time and to those
who are the subjects of the resurrection, are yet future. These
are variously distinguished as ‘‘of life,” and ‘‘of damnation ;” as
‘fof the just,” etc. The Scriptures bearing upon this import-
ant subject are as follows:
John v. 28, 29. [If it be objected that the word ‘‘hour” in
this passage would indicate a simultaneous resurrection of
these two classes, it is answered that the ‘‘hour” of verse 25 has
already lasted eighteen hundred years. See also ‘‘day,” in 2
Pet, 131,85 2 Cor ai. 2:3. John vit56.). Luke xiv. 13 eles 1
Cor. xv. 22, 23; 1 Thess. iv. 13-16; Phil. iii, 11; Rev. xx. 4-6.
~ The testimony of Scripture, then, is clear that believers’
bodies are raised from among the bodies of unbelievers, and
caught up to meet the Lord in the air one thousand years be-
fore the resurrection of the latter. It should be firmly held
that the doctrine of the resurrections concerns only the bodies
of the dead. ‘Their disembodied spirits are instantly in con-
scious bliss or woe. Phil. i. 23; 2 Cor. v. 8; Luke xvi. 22, 23.
LESSON, XHT.
The Divisions of the Scriptures.—Continued.
c. MISCELLANEOUS DIVISIONS.
8. THE JUDGMENTS.
The expression ‘‘general judgment,” of such frequent occur-
rence in religious literature, is not found in the Scriptures; and
what is of more importance, the idea intended to be conveyed
by that expression is not found in the Scriptures.
THE JUDGMENTS. 4I
Dr. Pentecost well says: ‘‘It is a mischievous habit that has
led the Christian world to speak of the judgment as being one
great event, taking place at the end of the world, when all hu-
man beings, saints, sinners, Jews and Gentiles, the living and
the dead, shall stand up before the ‘great white throne’ and
there be judged. Nothing can be more wide of the teaching
of the Scriptures.”
The Bible speaks of many judgments.
Besides the many and terrible judgments described in the
Revelation, seven judgments are defined, and these will be
found to differ in four general respects: (1) In respect to
those who are the subjects of judgment; (2) in respect to the
place of judgment; (3) in respect to the time of judgment;
and (4) in respect to the result of the judgment.
1. Tur SINS or Betmevers HAVE BEEN Juncep.
ime, A.D. 30.) Place, the cross. ‘Result; death) for
Christ, justification for the believer.
Poesy 1G er het, wil tis ey GOr, Viol +: pOUm meds
RV G2e Pet Ja 24: (Gall ineta} Heb. ixe 26; Rome vin,
$ROW.
2. SELF 1n THe Betiever MUST) BE Jupcep.
Time, anytime. Place, anywhere. Result, chastisement.
eo nitro CON veal oim. 120°) Heb.) xt gue)
Peo vile Mo Petwiv: i.e oaml, Xils) to. 14.
3. Tue WORKS or BELIEVERS ARE TO BE JjupceEp.
Time, when Christ comes... Place, ‘‘in the air.’’ Result,
to the believer, ‘‘reward”’ or ‘‘loss,” ‘‘but he himself shall be
saved.”
It is a solemn thought that, though Christ bore our sins in
His own body on the tree, and God has entered into cove-
nant with us to ‘‘remember them no more” (Heb. x. 17),
every work must come into judgment. 2 Cor. v. 9, 10; Rom.
xiv 10.
It will be observed that both of these passages are limited
by the context to believers. In the first, the Apostle has
just written of us.as in one of two states: Either we are at
home in the body and absent from the Lord. or absent from
42
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THE JUDGMENTS.
the body and present with the Lord, language which could
not be used of unbelievers. ‘‘Wherefore we make it our
aim’ in either place—with the Lord, or in the body—to
please Him, ‘‘For we must all be made manifest,” etc. 2
Cor; v..8) 9:
In the other passage the words ‘‘we”’ and ‘‘brother” limit
it to believers. The Holy Spirit never so commingles the
saved and the lost. Then, lest it should seem incredible
that a blood-cleansed saint could come into any judgment
whatever, he quotes from Isaiah to prove that ‘every knee
shall bow,” etc., and adds, ‘‘So then every one of us shall
give account of himself to God.”
The following passage gives the basis of the judgment of
works: 1 Cor, iti. 11-15.
The following passages fix the time of this judgment:
Matt. xvi. 27; 1 Cor. iv. 5; 2 Tim. iv. 8; Luke xiv.14; Rev.
KXiAL9.
Tue NATIONS are TO BE Jupcep.
Time, the glorious appearing of Christ. Place, the valley
of Jehoshaphat. Result, some declared saved, some lost.
Time, Matt. xxv. 31, 32; Matt. xiii. 40, 41. Place, Joel
ili. 1, 2, 12-14. Basis, treatment of those whom Christ there
calls ‘‘my brethren.” Matt. xxv. 40, 45; Joel iii. 3, 6, 7.
These ‘‘brethren” are believed to be the Jewish remnant who
* have turned to Jesus as their Messiah during ‘‘the great trib-
ulation” which follows the taking away of the church and is
terminated by the glorious appearing of our Lord. Matt.
xxiv. 21, 22; Rev. vii. 14, R. V.; 2 Thess. ii. 3-9, R. V. The
proof is too extensive to be adduced here. It is evident, how-
ever, that these ‘‘brethren’’ cannot be believers of this dis-
pensation, for it would be impossible to find any considerable
number of Christians who are so ignorant that they do not
know that offices of kindness to believers are really ministries
to Jesus Himself. Result, Matt. xxv. 46.
As this judgment of the living nations is sometimes con-
rounded with that of the ‘‘great white throne” in Rev. xx. 11,
it may be well to note the following contrasts between the
two scenes:
Aahwret ght ued 6.17
% ‘ =: ; »
THE JUDGMENTS. 43
Living Nations. Great White Throne.
No resurrection. A resurrection.
Living nations judged. ‘‘The dead” judged.
On the earth. Heavens and earth fled away.
No books. ‘¢ Books were opened.”
Three classes—sheep, goats, ‘‘ brethren.”” One class—‘‘ the dead.”
Time, when Christ appears. After he has reigned 1,000 years,
The saints will be associated with Christ in this judgment
and hence cannot be the subjects of it. See1 Cor. vi. 2, with
Dan. vii. 22, and Jude 14, 15.
In truth, the judgment of the great white throne and the
judgment of the living nations have but one thing in com-
mon—the Judge.
5. REGATHERED ISRAEL 1s TO BE Jupcep.
Time, after the glorious appearing of the Lord. Place, the
Wilderness of Judea. Result, some shall be prevented from
entering the land; the others shall be blessed there. Psa.
1. 1-21; Ezekiel xx. 33-44.
It is obvious (1) that in the above passages Israel alone is
in view; (2) that the time is when ‘‘our God shall come”;
(3) that the judgment is the sifting of profession (Psa. 1.
16-22); and that the rejected are punished by exclusion from
the land (Ezk. xx. 38). :
While it is in close connection as to time with the judg-
ment of the nations, it is distinguished from that judgment
by place, subjects, and result.
6. THe WICKED DEAD are TO BE Jupcep.
Time, a determined day, after the millennium. Acts xvii.
31; Rev. xx. 5, 7. Place, before ‘‘the great white throne.’
Rev. xm Li wakesultuiRev. }xx,.16;
44 THE TYPES.
a
(7 THe FALLEN ANGELS are TO BE Jupcep.
Time, .*‘ the great day.’ Jude 6; 2 Pet..11,.4.,.\Placemmor
revealed.
Christians are associated in this judgment. 1 Cor. vi. 3.
LESSON. NEY:
The Interpretation of Scripture.
I. THE TYPES.
A type is a divinely purposed illustration of some truth.
A type may be—
A PERSON.
Example, Adam as a type of Christ. Rom. v. 14.
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INTERPRETATION. 45
6. Aw Event.
Example, the events of the Exodus. 1 Cor. x. 11, margin.
¢. A THING:
Example, the veil of the temple as a type of the human
body of Christ. “Heb. x. 20.
ay
d. AN INSTITUTION.
_ Example, Jewish high-priesthood, a type of the high-priest-
hood of Christ. Heb. ix. 11, etc.
e. A CEREMONIAL.
Example, the Passover, a type of the sacrifice of Christ.
MOOR Very: |
‘Types occur most feeduntly in the Pentateuch, but are
found, more sparingly, elsewhere. The anti-type, or fulfill-
> ment i the type, is found, usually, in the New Testament.
INTERPRETATION.
1. A type must never be used to teach a doctrine, but only
to illustrate a doctrine elsewhere explicitly taught. Exam-
ple, John iii. 14; 1 Cor. v. 7.
2. It cannot be positively affirmed that anything is a type
which is not somewhere in Scripture treated as such.
[Note on Rule 2. It is undoubtedly true that there are many true types
which do not fall under this rule, but their recognition is a matter of spirit-
ual discernment and cannot be dogmatically established. Example, Joseph
is almost universally acknowledged to be a type of Christ, but no Scripture
can be found which explicitly declares him to be such. |
Viera LORTCAT SURIPPURES,
These are (1) literally true. ‘The events recorded occurred.
And yet (2) they have [perhaps more often than we suspect |
an allegorical or spiritual significance. Example, the history
of Isaac and Ishmael. Gal. iv. 22-31.
Who can doubt that the narrative portions of Scripture
abound in spiritual analogies? ¢. g., the story of Mephivosheth,
2 Sam. ix. 1-13; of Isaiah’s cleansing, Isa. vi. 1-8, etc.
It is then permitted—while holding firmly the historical ver.
ity—treverently to spiritualize the historical Scriptures.
46 INTERPRETATION.
ite «THE PROPHECIES:
Here we reach the ground of absolute literalness. Figures
are often found in the prophecies, but the figure invariably has
a literal fulfillment. Not one instance exists of a ‘‘spiritual” or
- figurative fulfillment of prophecy. Examples: These may be
found abundantly in Lesson II. |
Since God has invariably fulfilled prophecy with exact literal-
ness, this rule for the interpretation of unfulfilled prophecy is
established by God Himself. Jerusalem is always Jerusalem,
Israel always Israel, Zion always Zion.
But the inspired rule given in 2 Pet. i. 20 must ever be
obeyed by the student of prophecy: ‘‘Knowing this first, that
no prophecy of the Scripture is of any private interpretation.”
In other words, no prophecy is to be interpreted by itself, but
must be collated with all the other prophetic utterances on that
subject.
The sum total of all revelation concerning any subject is the
true doctrine of Scripture upon that subject.
A further caution forms the golden rule of Scripture inter-
pretation—study the context. Simply to read what precedes
and what follows any passage will, in most cases, clear up its
difficulties.
RECAPITULATION.
Types are interpreted by their use in the New Testament and
by their analogy with clearly revealed doctrines.
Hisrorigs may be reverently spiritualized.
PROPHECIES may never be spiritualized, but are always literal.
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THE COVENANTS. 47
THE SEVEN GREATER COVENANTS. >
The Covenants of God disclose: His whole purpose earth-
ward, and are of two kinds:—
(1). Declarative, or unconditional, ¢. g., Gen. ix. 11, for-
mula, ‘‘I will.”
jp amittial or, conditional, 2.02. ix."xix:’5, formula tf
thou wilt,”
Of the following seven greater Covenants, the Mosaic Cov-
enant is conditional, the others are unconditional. All Scrip-
ture crystallizes about, and is the development of, these Cove-
nants.
I. Tue Apamic CovENANT.
1. The Covenant formed. Gen. ili. 14-19.
2. Elements of the Covenant: (1) Curse upon the serpent.
(2) Abiding enmity between the seed of Satan and the seed of
the woman. (3) Final victory of the woman’s seed through
suffering. (4) Thesorrows of maternity. (5) The subordina-
tion of the woman. (6) Creation enslaved. (7%) Physical
death. See Gal. iv. 4; 1 John iii. 8; Matt. iv. 1; Matt. xiii.
37-39; Luke viii. 14; John xiii. 2; Heb. ii. 14; John xiv. 30;
Luke xxii. 53. ZL Bn. 9 pe a Ah Aes
II. Tue Noauwic Covenant.
1. The Covenant formed. Gen. vili. 20-ix. 27.
2. Elements of the Covenant: (1) The race not to be again
destroyed. (2) The natural order of the seasons to be pre-
served. (3) The sons of Noah to be each the head of a distinct
division of the race. (a) Shem to have a peculiar relation to
Jehovah-Elohim. From Shem spring the Hebrew, Arabian,
Armenian, etc., races. (b) Ham’s descendants to form the
inferior and servile races. (c) Japheth to be ‘‘enlarged”’ and
to ‘‘dwell in the tents of Shem.” They form the Gentile and
Indo-European races.
III. THe ABprRAHAMIC COVENANT.
1. The Covenant formed. Gen. xii. 1-3; Acts vii. 3. Ad-
ditional details, Gen. xiii. 14-17; xv. 1-18; xvii. 1-8.
2. Elements of the Covenant: (1) Originates the nation
48 THE COVENANTS.
of Israel. (2) Vests the title to the land of Canaan in the
‘‘seed”? of Abraham, who is Christ (Gal. iii. 16). (3) Contains
the Covenant of redemption. (4) Promises the divine protec-
tion to the Abrahamic stock. (5) And all this absolutely
unconditional. ‘‘I will.”
IV. Tue Mosaic CovENANT.
1. The Covenant formed. Ex. xix.-xxx. It is in''two
parts: (1) Law of Duty, or Ten Commandments. (2) Law of
Mercy, or Priesthood and Sacrifices. Lev. iv. 27-31; Heb.
ix. 1-7. Re Me Tite
2. When given. 2500 years after creation,—430 years
after the Abrahamic Covenant.
8. To whom given. Ex. xix. 3; Deut. v. 1-3, (but law
does its work wherever it goes). Rom. ii. 12; iii, 19; 1 Tim.
i, 9-11.
4, The purpose of the law. (1) Negatively. Rom. iii.
19, 20; Gal. ii. 16-21; Heb. vii, 18, 19; Gal. iii. 16,17. (2) Pos-
itively. Rom. iii. 19; vii. 7-13; Gal ili. 10; iii. 28, 24.
5. Christ’s relation to the Mosaic Covenant. (1) He was
under it. Gal. iv. 4; Matt. iii. 18, 15; Luke xvii. 12-14; xxii.
8. (2) He keptit. John viii. 46; xv. 10... (8)\ He bore the
curse of the law vicariously for sinners. Gal. iii. 10-13; 2
Cor. v. 21; Gal. iv. 4, 5. (4) His sacrifice fulfilled and took
the place of the Priesthood and sacrifices. Heb. ix. 11-15; x.
1-12, 26, 27.
6. The believer in Christ is under the New Covenant and
not the Old. Rom. viii. 1; Gal. iii. ti Lit
* . =
V. Tue DeutTEeRoNomic CovEeNANT. TApae a naked tls
1. The Covenant formed. Deut. xxx. 1-9.
2. Elements of the Covenant: (1) It is established in view
of a foreseen world-wide dispersion of Israel, ver. 1. (2) It
foresees the repentance of Israel in such a dispersion, ver. 2.
(3) It covenants, in view of such repentance, the return of the
Lord, ver. 3. (4) The Lord, having returned, will re-gather
dispersed Israel and bring the nation again into its own land, ©
ver. 3-5. (5) It covenants the conversion of restored Israel,
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THE COVENANTS. : “49
ver. 6. (6) It promises judgment upon Israel’s oppressors
(see Gen. xii. 3) ver 7. (7) It covenants great blessing and
“prosperity for restored Israel, ver. 8, 9.
Notre. Israel entered Palestine under the Deuteronomic Covenant, not
under the Abrahamic Covenant. See Deut. xxvili-xxx.
VI. Tue Davipic CovENaAnt.
1. The Covenant formed. 2 Sam. vii. 5-19.
2. Elements of the Covenant: (1) A ‘‘ house” or posterity.
(2) A ‘‘throne’—royal authority. (3) A ‘‘kingdom”—sphere
of authority. (4) These are everlasting—‘‘forever.” (5) A
condition: Disobedience to be followed by chastisement, but
not by the abrogation of the Covenant.
3. The King human and divine. Isa. vil. 13, 14; 1x. 6, 7.
4, How the kingdom is to be established: Isa. xi. 10-12;
Jer. xxiil. 3-8; xxxiiil. 14-21; Ezek, xxxvii. 22-28; Hosea iti.
4.5; Micah v. 2.
5. Summary of Covenant in Old Testament. (1) The
Covenant assures to David an undying posterity, royalty and
kingdom in his Seed or Son, who is David’s Son and God’s
Son. (2) That kingdom is to be established on the earth, is
first Israelitish and Palestinian, and begins by the restoration
of Judah and Israel to Palestine, afterward becoming universal.
6. The Davidic Covenant in the New Testament. (1) The
Covenant confirmed to the Virgin, Luke i. 26-33. (2) The
‘King born in Bethlehem according to Micah v. 2; Matt ii. 1-6.
(3) The kingdom ‘‘at hand.” Matt. iii. 1, 2; iv. 17; x. 5-7.
(4) The King comes ‘‘meek and lowly” according to Zech.
ix. 9; Matt. xxi. 1-5. (5) The rejection of the kingdom evi-
‘dent. Matt. xi. 16-30; xii 14-21, 41-49. (6) The mystery
form of the kingdom revealed. Matt xiii: (7) The church
‘announced. Matt. xvi. 13-21. (8) The king offered according
to Micah; Matt. xxi. 1-5. ©(9) The King rejected; crucified and
risen. John xix: 14, 15; Acts ii. 29-32. (10) The King to
return and set up His throne. Acts ii.; xv. 14-17; iv. 24-28,
with Psa. ii. 1-12; Rev. xx. 1-6.
7. Summary of Covenant in the New Testament. Jesus
Christ, as man, is heir of the ancient kingdom of David, His
50 THE COVENANTS.
ancestor according to the flesh. That kingdom is Palestinian,
Israelitish, visible. It is to be established by divine power.
Its chief characteristics are righteousness and. peace. Under
Jesus Christ it will become universal and will continue 1,000
years.
VII. Tue New Covenant.
1. The Covenant formed. Heb. viii. 6-13.
2. The New Covenant in prophecy. Jer. xxxi. 31-34.
3. The New Covenant is founded on the sacrifice of Christ.
Matt. xxvi. 27, 28; 1 Cor. xi. 25; Heb. ix. 11, 12; Heb. viii.
6-13. :
4, Though primarily for Israel, Christians are now par-
takers of the New Covenant. Heb. x. 11-22; Eph. ii. 11-20.
5. The Jews are yet to be brought into the New Covenant.
Ezek. xx. 34-37; Jer xxiii. 5, 6.; Rom. xi. 25-27.
ALL THE COVENANTS MEET IN CHRIST.
1. Heis the ‘‘seed of the woman” and Satan destroyer of
the Adamic Covenant. Gen. iii. 15; 1 Johniii. 8; John xii.
31; Rev. xx.. 10. ° |
2. As man He came under the conditions of life of the
Noahic Covenant.
3. He was the ‘‘seed” to whom the promises were made
under the Abrahamic Covenant. Gen. xxii. 18; Gal. iii, 16.
4. He bore the curse of the Mosaic Covenant. Gal. iti.
10, 13.
5. He. lived asa Jew in the land obediently under the
Deuteronomic.Covenant. John viii. 46; xix. 4. :
6. He is the ‘‘seed,” heir and coming King under the
Davidic Covenant. Luke i. 31-33.
%. His sacrifice is the found&ation of the New Covenant.
Matt. xxvi. 27, 28.
iy,
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EXAMINATION.
SECTION I.
Before beginning this examination, read Instructions to
Students, page 4.
1. Why is the testimony of Christ to the inspiration of
Scripture authoritative?
2. In what passage does Christ treat the entire Old Testa-
ment as inspired?
Ke EXAMINATION : SECTION 1.
3. How does He affirm the Mosaic authorship of the first
five books?
4. What does He affirm respecting the miraculous narratives
of the Old Testament?
5. What testimony does He bear to the inspiration of the
Psalms and Prophecies? | ae
6. Explain how we receive the New Testament Scriptures
upon the authority of Christ.
7%. Is Christ a witness to the hig inspiration of Scripture?
8. How?
9. State the bearing upon verbal inspiration of the testi-
monies of the writers of Scripture cited on pages 10 and 11.
10. How does the fulfillment of prophecy prove Bee to
be inspired?
11. Might not the prophecies have been shrewd guesses?
12. What special seeming improbability was there in the
prediction that Christ should suffer death by crucifixion?
13. What are the two grand structural divisions of the Bible?
14. How many books has the Old Testament?
15. Into how many groups are they divided?
16. Write from memory the names of the books in each
group.
1%. How many books has the New Testament?
18. Into how many groups are they divided?
19. Write from memory the names of the books in each
- group.
20. What is the three-fold Biblical division of the Old Testa-—
ment?
' 21. What was the Rabbinical division?
22. What is a dispensation?
23. Into how many dispensations is time divided?
24. How many dispensations are passed?
25. State in order the dispensations, giving a brief account
of man’s state at the beginning of each, what he was responsible -
to do, how -he failed, and the nature of the, judgment which
followed.
26. In what dispensation was the Ola Testament written?
97° The New Téstament? ~~ :
28. What will be the first event in ae. Siesige of this dis-
pensation?
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34.
35.
EXAMINATION : SECTION I. 53
The next?
The next?
How long will the millennium last?
What follows the millennium?
Into how many classes does Scripture divide the race?
Who was the first Hebrew?
State briefly the distinctions between the Jew, the
Gentile and the church.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
When did the church begin?
Is the church mentioned in Old Testament prophecy?
What is the particular relation of the church to Christ?
What was the particular relation of Israel to God?
What is the position before God of the Gentiles?
What future is reserved for Israel?
What two lines of Messianic prophecy are found in the
Old Testament?
43.
44,
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
ol.
D2.
Which of these has been fulfilled?
When?
When will the other be fulfilled?
What is the law?
To whom was it given?
What is the purpose of the law?
What is the law powerless to do?
What is grace?
What is God’s purpose in grace?
Is it scriptural to say that the believer is under the law
as a rule of life?
53.
54.
D5.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
What is the believer’s rule of life?
Describe the natural man.
What is he powerless to do?
What is regeneration?
What is ‘‘the new man?”
Has the believer the old nature still?
How may he have victory over it?
How may we distinguish passages of Scripture which
refer to belzevers from those which refer to professors ?
61.
62.
In which ciass is Heb. vi. 4-6?
Does the believer’s standing before God vary according
to his state of soul?
63.
How is his standing acquired?
54 ‘ EXAMINATION : SECTION I.
64. How may we distinguish passages which relate to the
believer’s salvation from those which relate to his rewards ?
65. How many resurrections are yet future?
66. Who are the subjects of the first resurrection?
6%. Who of the second?
68. What is the interval between them?
69. How many judgments are described in Scripture as yet
future?
70. In what respects do these differ?
71. Enumerate these five judgments.
72. What is a type?
73. How many and what classes of types are found in Script-
ure?
74. What is the rule for interpreting types?
75. Are the historical Scriptures true? .
76. Have they any other than the literal meaning?
77. Give the rules for interpreting prophecy?
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SECTION IL
HOW TO STUDY THE SCRIPTURES.
PART |. THE PENTATEUCH.
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56 THE PENTATEUCH.
SECTION ILI.
How to Study the Scriptures.
PARTI... THE PENTATEUCH.,
GENERAL PRINCIPLES.
The Pentateuch (‘‘five-fold book’’), called ‘‘the law” and
“Moses” by a usage sanctioned by the Holy Spirit and by our
Lord (Luke xvi. 29, 31; John v.-45, 46; Rom. x. 4, 5), was
written by Moses (see Lesson I.) and is, in its primary sense,
purely historical. But the history is the history of persons as
well as of events, and. is, therefore, largely biographical. Im-
bedded in these histories is the law, both moral and ceremonial,
so-called. Within the law, ate ee and the biographies are
enshrined the types. fer
In all of the books there is a progressive revelation of God
and of His purposes. ‘This revelation is made through ‘His ac=
tions, His names, His direct communications by words and His
theophanies, or appearances in angelic or human form.
The Pentateuch, then, is to be studied:
1. Historically. The student should read the books in
order, simply for the historical or narrative matter. Ignore
the types, the doctrines, the teaching concerning deity, except
as these are essential to the flow of the narrative. Fix the
events in order in the mind, in a broad panoramic way, as if
the subject of study were, for example, a section of English
history.
2. Biographically. Study the histories of the men of the
PRentateuch as if they were modern statesmen and warriors.
3. Analytically. Each book has certain structural divis-
ions, like the several parts of a large edifice. This structural
arrangement is to be mastered.
- ———
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ee
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sy he 1h: iGo tay
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ary ae ic
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) } Lica Pa a hag es,
- KG
eke eae ale
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Son ta dng
| TO thie TA ei aa
iptrcerean one urov che, - hows .
Fae uD: 35 Geko alan oe =a
Gen fees "uraw = Veeame, tek ae
Ore
rs 1 the fas: oP 1 doom ee :
GENESIS. 57.
4, Spiritually. All other study is but preliminary to this.
The student will now consider the books in their inspired and
divine character as revelations from God, and as unfoldings of
His ways and will.
At once the method of study changes. Diligence is not
abated, but diligence alone discovers nothing on this ground.
The great law here is that ‘‘the things of God knoweth no
man, but the Spirit of God.” Eye, ear and heart are power- !
less to grasp spiritual truth. All is matter of revelation. |
1 Cor. ii. 9-14.
The means of arriving at the knowledge of the truth are:
(1) Prayerful dependence upon the illumination of the
wpitit. ~ Psa."exte 12) 185-1" fobn 1.27.
(2) Meditation upon the passage under study and
upon the use made of it elsewhere in the Bible, espe-
cially in the New Testament. Example, Gen. xxi.
with Gal. iv. 22-31. This is ‘‘comparing spiritual
things with spiritual.” 1 Cor, i. 13.
LESSON XV.
The Pentateuch.—Continued.
GENESIS.
Kry-Worp: ‘‘BEGINNING,” i. 1.
This book has creation for its great subject and records the ©
beginning not only of creation and of plant, animal and human
life, but also of all the institutions of men. It has been called
the ‘‘seed plot of the Bible.” All subsequent:y developed truth
exists in Genesis in germ. .
58
I.
GENESIS.
HISTORICAL.
It is impossible to fix the point of departure called ‘‘in the
beginning.” Verse 1. Between the ‘‘beginning” of creation
and the utterance, ‘‘Let there be light” (verse 3), is ample
time for all the geologic ages.
History begins with the advent of man. In this sense the
book of Genesis covers a period of about 2,500 years.
The time divisions are:
Fron: Adam: to the iloods cy sa 1656 years.
From Flood to call of Abram..... 427 years.
From call of Abram to death of
Joseph (about) ice pe ¢< niaee st 400 years.
These periods cover four dispensations.
The more important historical events are the preparation of
the waste and void earth for organic life; the creation of man;
his fall from innocency; his redemption through sacrifice; the
Adamic covenant; the flood; the covenant with Noah; the
call of Abram, and God’s covenant with him and with his
TL
descendants, Isaac and Jacob, and the departure of the entire
Abrahamic family into Egypt. The moral of this history is
the sad failure of man. The beginning of the book records
his creation in a paradise of matchless beauty; its last words
are, ‘‘in a coffin in Egypt.”
BIOGRAPHICAL,
Of the large number of persons of whom this book affords
some account, the following are most important: Adam, Eve
Cain, Abel, Enoch, Noah, Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Ishmael,
Jacob, Esauand Joseph. The student should make himself
so familiar with the recorded events in these livesas to be os
to write from memory a synopsis of them.
TE VANALY TICAL,
The book has five structural divisions:
wy, Creation, ie" also.
%. The fall, penalty and redemption. iti. 1 toiv. 7.
3. The history of the diverse seeds, Cain and Seth, to
the flood. iv. 8 to vii. 24.
4, The flood to Babel. viii. Isto xi/'9:
ad a Pd an 1506 Hoy yok ht koe ee eee
Fertih,
mates ed gpotess Uva cra whieh UF RPE
ans seeg: | ioe Prop. eS ‘Sse ion Waite St
_
au aire |
= Hoa i a tafe a ee
Re ig: ae TTR ae
fel Ara yee 1h |
4
a ee |
higgins
onde a gree oe , Re ES
Oi ey B00 amd ae
— Akrese Wamen prea | aa See ls 6% fala e =
4 - a ppbene sea © O”VL ie pes ase An Serbs
j ) iy - Bs by at ures ave ie Vis at Pe OF ok
pan As Renee a igy "Shod- freak
: Sis — at ) The. ¢ Bree
(2) Ct ate (3) dv
ee cl we,
4) ema, ERs 2 (5) “Jrace Msg Rie a TOS ang hom Shh he
eee PUG xt Co as +e X gO etree a oA im
Pais soe re py fe Dies Ye fem ie EN
- bipliag angela)
2°) gts ian ey a ‘e
ee de) Jets woacratede 4d 0 — Us We
Ue (6a fe or eee Ay Aa */ ROwerm,
a bl wy O 2 i ota “G 2. gard PID Ny eos ok
GENESIS. 59
5. From the call of Abram to the death of Joseph,
xi. 10 tol. 26.
IV. SprriTuat.
There is very little preceptive teaching in Genesis. Truth
is taught mainly through type, promise and action. There
is also a beautiful progressive unfolding of the attributes of
God through His names. [See Section IV., §1.]
1. The student should note passages which illustrate
the personality of God, His eternity, holiness, plu-
rality, power, benevolence, will, hatred of sin, love
for sinners. |
2. Follow the chain of Messianic promise. iii. 15; xii.
Os xvi. 15, 16. extol 2s) Exli.,, 18+: xxv. 207) XxVviii.
138, 14; xlix. 10.
8. Study the Abrahamic covenant, renewed to Isaac
and Jacob. xii. 1-3, %; xiii. 14-17; xv. 146; xvii.
2-22; xxii. 15-18; xxviii. 10-14. These included:
(1) Earthly blessings—a land, wealth, protection,
etc.
(2) An earthly seed, as numerous as ‘‘the dust
of the earth.” xiii. 16. Fulfilled in the Jewish
nation. John viii. 33, 37.
(3) A heavenly seed, as numerous as ‘‘the stars
of heaven.” xv. 5. Fulfilled in all believing
Jews and in all true Christians. Rom. ii. 28, 29;
iv. 16; Rom. ix. 6-8; Gal. iii. 29.
(4) Spiritual promises, as ‘‘I will bless thee
* * * and thou shalt be a blessing.”
(5) The promise of the Messiah, concerning
whom subsequent Scriptures unfold a particular
relation on the one hand to the earthly seed of
Abraham, and on the other to his spiritual
seed.
Note carefully: The current teaching that the Jewish people
are forever set aside because of their rejection of Messiah and
that the Christian now inherits Jewish promises, is utterly un-
scriptural. Israel as a nation always has its own place and is
yet to have its greatest earthly exaltation. The Christian as of
the heavenly seed of Abraham may claim the spiritual blessings.
60 GENESIS.
The church as the body and bride of Christ has her own dis-
tinctive place and promises. She is not seen at all-in Old Tes-
tament prophecy, and was to those men and ages a mvstery hid
in God under types. Eph. iii. 9, 10.
Vail Tvproeur
1. Of Christ.
Our Lord Himself has given us the clue to all the
Christology of the Old Testament. In His Emmaus
teaching (Luke xxiv’27, 44) He divided the ‘‘things con-
cerning Himself” into two classes, those which concern His
sufferings and those which concern His glory. Peter
(1 Pet. i. 11) tells us that the Spirit of Christ in the Old
Testament writers ‘‘testified beforehand the sufferings of
Christ and the glories that should follow.”
We may expect, then, to find ‘‘in all the Scriptures” a
suffering Christ and a glorified Christ; a Christ humili-
ated and rejected and a Christ exalted and rewarded.
The types of Christ will be indicated in their order,
leaving the classification to the student. The student,
also, is expected to find the appropriate New Testament
references. |
(1) Christ, the Light of the world. i. 3.
(2) Christ, the Sun of righteousness. i. 16;
Mal. iv. 2.
Note. He will take this character at His second com-
ing. Morally, the world is now in the state between i. 3
and i. 16. The sun is not. seen, but there is light. Dis-
pensationally, the church is in place as the ‘‘lesser light,”
the moon, reflecting the light of the unseen sun. The
stars (i. 16) are individual believers who are ‘“‘lights.”
Phil. ii. 15, 16. Meantime it is night.
(3) Christ, the last Adam, the second man, typi-
fied by the first man, Adam. i. 27-29; ii. 7-15.
As such, Christ is head of the new creation, as
the first man was head of the old. All men are
either ‘in Adam” or ‘‘in Christ.” 1 Cor. xv.
22, 45-47; Rom. v. 12-19.
(4) Christ, the eee of the church, ii.
18-24. rett. 9.
BC foo IW: 2th; (“EA Ruut, win 0 oe Ame
d Re Un ea (oo
eect 33. (fo oe |
BAG. ET Ree itt) CE po:
“(Bride ryok qrenety Seat
4 meas Achw2@:1%;
() Yoh is 4-10, I Gehw 1: 6; alee: 2.1 2g above see
(2) NT: 2s; ae a9 Ob:
| cote poses oe huts PS Chae Ce) HeOin Aa a
(dy Bosh a a t jou a ae eee | : Ze 4
ere co ee PELs. 3:45; 3:2)
ee Feb id - Gph. 2: etek eg
5, Sac, o.eert: pe sara se.
8.-Chrisl ~g toot geen, 3
hea fp ery thw. - Soak o.3: yr (LOVE)
ae ark q. " oade camet ahe.,- E ph. Sys oe
GENESIS. 61;
(5) Christ, the Righteousness of God. _ iii.
Maxtt.13 Si ee
hae +E SS.
(oe Ti re:
om. 2. 21-77
21. In Scripture a garment is the constant
symbol of righteousness. Isa. Ixi. 10; Ixiv. 6;
Job exis 414 Revi xix: Tyrsy.ete:. “The student
will note that, since a life must have been sacri-
ficed before Adam ‘and Eve could have been
fc pate clothed with ‘‘coats of skins,” there is here a
LUV. IO SIH GS
reference to the sufferings of Christ. The same
thing is found in the first Messianic promise
(iii. 15), ‘‘thou shalt bruise His keel.”
(6) Christ, the Lamb of God. iv. 4. This
is the most constant type of the suffering Mes-
siah. In all the subsequent books we shall find
this lamb typical of the ‘‘Lamb of God that
taketh away the sin of the world.’”’ Johni. 29.
A lamb fitly symbolizes the unresisting inno-
cency and harmlessness of the Lord Jesus. Isa.
litis > Luke xxi Os) Matt. xxs1- 53, 54.. This
type is brought into prominence by contrast with
Cain’s bloodless offering of the fruit of his own
works and proclaims, in the very infancy of the
race, the primal truth that ‘‘without shedding of
blood is no remission.” Heb. ix. 22; xi. 4.
Verse 7 should read, ‘‘If thou doest well shalt
thou not be accepted? And if thou doest not
well, a sin offering lieth at thy door, and thou
rulest over it.” In rejecting Cain’s offering of
works God again pointed him to the true remedy
—a sin offering such as Abel had brought.
(7) Christ, the Refuge of His people from judg-
ene sais | Cteayilien 6: SHebsoxa. Je dn
strictness of application this speaks of the pres-
ervation through the ‘‘great tribulation”’ (Matt.
xxiv. 21, 22) of the remnant of Israel who will
turn to the Lord after the church (typified by
Enoch, who was translated to heaven before the
judgment of the flood,) has been caught up to
meet the Lord. Gen. v. 22-24; 1 Thess. iv. 15-
17; Heb. xi. 5; Isa. ii, 10, 11;.xxvi. 20-21. But
ee
62 GENESIS.
the type has also a present reference to the posi-
tion of the believer ‘‘in Christ.” Eph. i., etc.
It should be noted that the word translated
‘‘pitch” in Gen. vi. 14 is the same word trans-
lated’ ‘‘atonement”.41n' ‘Lev!’ xvii. 11, etc, “Itas
atonement that keeps out the waters of judgment
and makes the believer’s position ‘‘in Christ”
safe and blessed.
v (8) Christ, the Priest after the order of Mel-
chizedek. xiv. 18-20; Heb. vii. The type
strictly applies to the priestly work of Christ in
resurrection, since Melchizedek presents only
the memorials of sacrifice—bread and wine.
‘‘After the order of Melchizedek,”’ Heb. vi. 20,
refers to the unending duration of Christ’s
priesthood. Heb. vii. 23, 24. The Aaronic
priesthood was often interrupted by death.
Christ is a priest after the order of Melchizedek
in the endlessness of His priesthood; but after
the pattern of Aaron as regards His priestly
work.
(9) Christ, the obedient Son, as typified by
Isaac. xxi., etc. Isaac is never seen acting in
self-will. The course of his life is ordered by
his father... John.v. 30;° vii 98: -Uhesmore
prominent features of the type are:
oe ; +O : am, Lf 1L-13
Bi Bea : Z- 4. Isaac was the promised seed. xv. 3, 4 427 |
Daa, on ake rit, ae |
- cae % AS oc b. He became obedient unto death (thou Wak late |
oe on oldies Acad notactually slain). xxii. PriiLe.218 cata! |
Wok @oudd wor Foreduer c. Was raised from the dead (in figure).
Hein. “the Arsine ard - Heb. xi. 19. |
Ua teomww Combine 4d. And then received’a Gentile bride. xxiv.
my ts i [The student will apply the New Testament —
ee Sass Dosh, references under each head. |
(10) The Joseph type. This covers so completely
the prominent outline of the earthly relations of
Christ that it cannot be epitomized in a sentence.
The student will add from the New Testament
Bl aaa slips ee (pas arse oe q- 21.
6) -Mel oh i, Wn a AP ae se
She dS
a Came tp Seek = CON days AR |
{is ae ‘led For Proes Aro. col fremink nt Tere :
as mone re a Rg He ae he Se.
a) ae Se of A art) ont Pk
mn, eS wtf gdh: We Baty
hs og ee “CH Lg
water dena of Cha cn ee rem
: |
at
| Saag | —- Fo
Lon
—_ ——
OS eR 39:4
eel BLL 18 7h
Apne sae
3): 481514.
| ChLarimra, - Oa]: 5 -/l 18-40.
|
Se
SS eee
OS hs, ae ee inte oe rs (8-2or4.
7 deka, ke Go 2
,.- cota isd), ee ee ye
praee bg ® awe “De
i | 37: 7-26 |
i a
-
H
rf
a
, ; ~—* aT : ia hit ele
vt A rc AE Rt TDA Re at ah Nn 5 ce natn ata men FO A Z
7 sen Bis oo
Bees on Wie reQaaar ae WO oN one sale |
GAQX., shal 3 §- ue ee, ( |
_ Fife Looe MO HIAS- 2 Hop ae |
Fane be. Gone ees a iiss urotal Li, #8: S7, ¥ |
om, /!'
i
| Me lack ee wig in tiie Ronde pious
S - Wie oe : chon span atetr i
. ‘ Al: 4S
vie r See Rd, -
|
. 3 0ST CAA a OW OH hemps i
| ce : apt 1 !
| Saale 6 A WVOSey wowed an
| t Aro -4rire, #5) 1-18; 43-30 | |
1. Om ree Low s Ee ee pelo ee pene er pee ||
eg Sa Vex) rewsealled J Ag cH Race 2 -& a
hae fo weal ad Rx ey he eee dl
Wir Pegi en Ud ff ;
OS. oe LES an hive (ore -
4 ca «Nk Teas ee
GENESIS. 63
| the references showing the fulfillment in Christ
\°o , ot the seven-fold type. 7ta/
| 7 Bie Bee yer a. Joseph was the beloved of his father.
Mee, the Saeterc dl? © xxxvil-'3: Matt, Se Oe Pe:
| 6. Hated and rejected of his brethren. xxxvii.
, 4-8, fot 18.28, bed firy,
¢, His brethren conspire to slay him and, in
intention and figure, do slay him. xxxvii.
18-22. WMatt.21°38. :
d. Heis lifted up out of the pit. xxxvii. 28, AcLa >*+34,5%)
é. He goes to the Gentiles, by whom, after
some persecution, he is received and favored.
xxxixuto xis 446° (Lo clkim Khcoed
j. He receives*a Gentile bride during the ih
time of his rejection by his brethren, the |
Israelites. xli. 45.
g. He is reconciled to his brethren of Israel,
| who receive great earthly prosperity through
him. xiii. to xlvii. 11. Rowe. i718 %-
2. Of the church.
(1) The “lesser light to rule the night.’”’ i. 16.
The church shines by reflecting the light of the ab-
sent sun. 2 Cor. iii. 18, R. V.; Matt. v. 14.
| (2) Eve. ii. 18-24; John iii. 28, 29;.2 Cor. xi. 2;
| Eph. v. 25-32: Rev. xix. 7, 8.
3 (8) Enoch. v. 22-24; Heb. xi. 5. Enoch ‘was trans-
| lated that he should not see death,” before the judg-
| ment of the flood fell upon the guilty earth. The
| ss very first event in the closing of this dispensation—
| :
|
|
SRT Le
ao
pak
an event which will precede the judgment of the
great tribulation (Dan. xii. 1; Matt. xxiv. 21)—will
| be the translation of the church. 1 Thess. iv. 14-17.
i Noah and his family typify the believing Jewish Ik
} - remnant who will be preserved through the tribula- | ifs
tion. 7 | | |
(4) Rebekah, the Gentile bride of the Son. xxiv.
i. In this type we see the bride as won for an absent
a ae bridegroom. by the faithful testimony of a servant,
| who speaks not of himself, but of the riches of his
Sa Sa a ne RI
En or ee LTT ST r= EOE ROT Te
64 EXODUS.
-master who has bestowed all upon his son. The
consenting bride receives an earnest of these riches
before she sees the bridegroom, who comes forth to
meet her. Eliezer is a type of the Holy Spirit.
Matt. xxii. 2; John xv. 26; xvi. 13-15; Eph. 1. 18,
14%. Thess -tvigh4-1 7,
(5) Asenath, the Gentile bride, espoused during the
time of Joseph’s rejection by Israel. xli. 45
(6) Of lawand grace, and the old and new creations.
xvi. to xxi.; Gal. iv. 21-31.
LESSON XVI.
The Pentateuch—Continued. = |
G .
ici we
tak
Kervy-Worp: Sieben »” v, S2"xn. Tot
This book records the redemption out of Egyptian vondage of
the chosen. people and, in type, all redemption.
As will be seen, redemption is:
1. Wholly of God. Israel was helpless in Pharaoh's
power in Egypt. Egypt is probably a type of the world and
Pharaoh of Satan, the prince of this world.
2. Through a person. In the type, Moses; in the anti-
type, Christ.
3. By blood. The blood is the purchase price (1 Pet. i.
18) and the atonement for sin. Lev. xvii. 11; iv. 33-35.
4. By power. The blood having been shed ‘God may
righteously ‘‘pass over’ the sinner when judgment falls (Ex.
xii. 12,13; Rom. iii. 25, 26), and then put forth His power ir
the sinner’s-behalf. xi. 7;. vi. 6, 7.
a. f- ha Ba Testo. ©, ae i ee MRO iver pr asd
es ae aoa Sy Gos: Spee meget i: aoe
By unin gain ls Degeeacuen
Bo at.ca. fO98:9.4. 1623-74 Q- Boile, Mant? 2 q
1®) Woot, Roxas, mG. te Ba (eh) cose hea a Ba 8) NarBnuss, |
| PRew 16: (©, (CG petra eee ate of a |
| « ; Conk whe Ue ae ;
© Seep
+r
te
oe ee
eos
mi |
Ee ee ee)! ee evs
: - oe ‘
& m a ree
rhe nt hae =o oe
St:
A ny, ; * 4
>
ew tt .
EXODUS. 65
THE Stupy oF Exopus.
I. HISTORICAL.
The student should fix clearly in mind the order of events. |
Disregard in this preliminary study the spiritual teaching,
types, etc.
II. BIoGRAPHICAL.
Moses is the dominant figure and Aaron is associated with
him, but none of the personages of Exodus is unimportant
and the student should become familiar with what is said of
each.
III.. ANALYTICAL.
Exodus is in three chief parts:
1. Israelin Egypt. i. to xv.
(1) The people in bondage. i.
(2) The preparation of the deliverer. ii. 1 to
iv. 28.
(3) The contest with Pharaoh. iv. 29 to xi. 10
and xii. 29-33.
(4) The redemption of blood. xii. 1-30.
' (5) The redemption by power. xii. 31; xiv. 31.
2. From the Red Sea to Sinai. xvi. to xix.
(1) Joy of salvation. xv. 1-21.
(2) A bitter experience blessed. xv. 22-26;
Heb. xii].
(3) Wilderness rest. xv. 27.
(4) Wilderness food. xvi. 1-36.
“(5) Wilderness drink. xvii. 1-7.
(6) Conflict with Amalek. xvii. 8-16. Amalek,
the grandson of Esau (Gen. xxxvi. 12), becomes
thus with his descendants (for ‘‘that which is
born of the flesh is flesh,” John iii. 6) a type of
the flesh—the natural man. Gal. iv. 22, 23.
Victory is gained not through courage or skill or
strength, but through an intercessor. Rom. vi.
— 14; vii. 15, 25; Heb. vii. 25. In answer to in-
x ssion Jehovah-nissi delivers.
Kord vf 7) Leaning on the arm of flesh. xviii. 1-27. Je-
66 EXODUS.
thro is a religious Worldly Wiseman. By refer-
ence to Num. xi. 16-25 it will be seen that God
ignores all these prudent arrangements, as He
afterward ignored the election of Matthias to be
an apostle. Acts i. 16-26.
3. Israel at Sinai. xix. 1 to xl. 38.
(1) Grace given up forlaw: xix. 3-8.
(2) The immediate result. xix. 9, 12, 23.
(3) Thelaw given. xx. 1 to xxiv. 18.
(4) The law broken. xxxii. 1-8. At this very
time God in infinite grace is giving to Moses in
the Mount directions for a sacrifice by which a
sinful people may be restored to fellowship, a
priesthood through which they may approach
Him, and a tabernacle in which He may dwell
in their midst. xxv. 1 to xxxi. 18.
(5) Advocacy. xxxii. 9-14, 31, 32 (compare 1
John ii. 1, 2).
(6) The edge of the law. xxxti. 19-28.
(7) The tabernacle and priesthood, xxxv. to xl
IV. SPpmRITUAL.
The spiritual teaching of Exodus has been of necessity
partly set forth above. Broadly, the book teaches that re-
demption is essential to any relationship with a holy God; that
a redeemed people must be separated from iniquity by sacri-
fice and unto God by power; and that. God cannot have
fellowship with a defiled people, even though redeemed.
The relation of the law to redemption is that it was ‘‘added
because of aot pe SS till the seed should come to whom
the promise was made.” The Commandments were a ‘‘min-
istration of death written and engraven in stone,” teaching
Israel the just demands of a holy God and demonstrating |
their own inability to meet those demands. 2 Cor. iii. 7, 9;
Gal. 111. 10, 11, 18-25; Rom. iii. 20; vii. 7-10. That part of the
law commonly called ‘‘ceremonial,” filled in every part with
types of Christ, provided the way of forgiveness, restoration |
and worship for the sinning Israelites condemned by the
commandments. :
ah, ae oe te a,
at Bnet
th. 7 mn
*.
ai
salam
erat oa ie Risse ae Bee
F FVCUre ns RA Lt, mo,
LO DRS ; ee s
Can Fort. Sra pee in ope eon Rafer
Le ie altatiea prapendey or ee eo OY -
A, 9 ee ft Baan oan Leindiad oak 4q
xf: ves ey cae . aie at mane done hee :
Mass. > lo : ae f17- 1g, ;
ee
¢
: 49 2 Pele 23:54; oF pda hag a
a ae reo’ 8
aes ME ea (pe es ieeorees a oat ate +6;
(eRe De ie Sh, RN) |
Pema nous Aoki ae tela. ait fd
MP UG (oe poet Ns OS xh
ee ano gs 22
) UU ura eatoed “Ou ee ie
: eo 22 tell eo ac ih a's RV)
a oe Ui ee Daher Or * se aees |
se bu Me. Cte tee iife play sap Ge EN ee |
1D ~ 39-34 |
(@) oo @eanmsrekie' ox IC ih Ube Bee
aAteouvnr urna “alic” eS capepaer et: Ce ae |
| a |
EXODUS. 67
The Christian learns through such an experience as that
described in Rom. vii. 7-24 what the Jew learned at Sinai.
Underneath the history, biography and ceremonials of the
book are found the types:
V. ‘TyPIcAL.
The types are numerous, various and of exceeding interest.
Taking them in order we have:
1. Moses,.a type of Christ the Deliverer. Luke iv.
16.0 deb hesss 1-210, cic... Che points.are:
(1) Hewas the deliverer chosen of God. Acts
vil. 25.
(2) Rejected at his first appearance he turns to
the Gentiles. Acts vii. 23-29.
(8) During his rejection he gains a Gentile bride.
ti. 13-21.
(4) Afterward he again appears as Israel’s deliv-
erer and is accepted. iv. 31.
(5) He becomes the prophet, intercessor and
leader of his redeemed people. Deut. xviti. 15;
Numexiiel jy 2yete.
2. Aaron, a type of Christ our High Priest.
~ Note. Christ is a priest after the order of Melchizedek (which
means that because ‘‘He ever continueth” His priesthood is |
eternal and not, like the Aaronic priesthood, interrupted by |
death), but after the pattern of Aaron.
(1) Of divine appointment. xxviii. 1; Heb. v.
4-6,
(2) Only the High Priest could make atonement.
Lev. xvi. 1-3; Heb. ix. 7-12.
3. The passover, a type of Christ our Redeemer.
xi. 1-28->1, Con, ve6-8 » Petri 18519.
(1) The lamb must be without blemish, and to
test this it was kept up four days. xii, 5, 6,
So our Lord’s public life, under hostile scrutiny,
was the testing which proved His holiness.
Luke xi. 53, 54; John viii. 46; xviii. 38.
(2) It must be slain. xii. 6; John xii. 24; Heb.
1x, 22.
=
68 EXODUS.
(3) The blood must be applied. xii. 7. This
answers to personal faith and refutes universal-
ism. John iti. 36.
(4) The blood thus applied of f itself, without any-
thing in addition, constituted a perfect salvation.
x. 13%) 1 John i; 7; Hebrxe to. 14:
(5) The feast typified Christ the food of the be- |
liever. Matt. xxvi. 26. It was a duty and
privilege, but not a condition of salvation.
4, Leaven. Always and everywhere a type of evil
working subtly. xii. 15; Lev. 11. 11; Matt. xvi. 6-12;
Luke xit. 1; 1 Cor. *v. 6-8).
from the world. Gal. i. 4; vi. 14.
6. Manna. xvi. 35. Type of Christ in humiliation,
‘‘after the flesh,’’ the believer’s wilderness food.
John vi. 31-35.
7. The smitten rock. xvii. 1-6. Type of salvation
‘by grace. ,
(1) Christ-the Rock. 1 Cor. x. 4.
(2) The people atterly re Xvil. 2; Eph.
i. 1-6.
(3) Characteristics of salvation by grace.
a. Free. Johniv. 10; Rom. vi. 23; Eph. ii. 8.
6.° Abundant. Rom. '-. (20;/*Psa? cvs 41;
John iti. 16.
sé. ‘Near jcoRomn, 37:38:
d. ‘The people had only to take. Isa. lv. 1.
8. The tabernacle and priesthood. xxv. to xxx.
NoTE. The typical meanings will be indicated; the students
are expected to supply the proper illustrative passages from the
New Testament.
(1) The whole tabernacle with its details is a
figure of the heavens. Heb. ix. 23, 24.
(2) The ark. Jaa 833%
a. Inits materials, ‘catin. wood and gold, a
type of the humanity and deity of Christ.
6b, Initscontents a type of Christ as—
(2) Having God’s law in His heart.
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EXODUS. 69
(6) The wilderness food (or portion) of
His people. Poh 6+ 3/-33,45-51-.
(c) Himself the resurrection (of which
Aaron’s rod is the symbol).
c. Inits use a typeof God’s throne. That it
-was a throne of grace was due to the mercy
seat formed of gold (divine righteousness)
and sprinkled with the blood of atonement,
which answered the claims of justice repre-
sented by the cherubim, in vindication of a
broken law.
(3) Table of shewbread; Christ our Communion,
and the believer’s food.
(4) The seven-branched candlestick; Christ our
Light, shining in the fullness of the power of the
seven- fold prints eb. ond VION, tla 2: Lao.
«Bn Ae
(5) The golden altar of incense; Christ our Inter-
cessor.
(6) The laver; Christ cleansing us from ‘‘every
. spot or wrinkle or any such thing.”
(7) The brazen altar; the cross upon which Christ
made atonement.
(8) The anointing oil; the Holy Spirit for service. Char a
(9) The garments. These present the varied
perfections and services of Christ our High
Priest; as, gold, His divine righteousness; blue,
His heavenly origin; purple, His royalty; scar-
let, His sacrifice; the engraved stones upon the
breastplate and shoulder pieces, the believer
upon Christ’s heart and upheld by His strength.
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70 LEVITICUS.
LESSON XVII.
The Pentateuch.—cContinued.
LEVITICUS.
This precious boox is fragrant with Christ. In itself and
primarily it is the inspired ritual for the people of God under
the law. it is God speaking out of the tabernacle and telling
His people that which befits His holiness in their approach to
and worship of Him. To the Christian it opens precisely the
same truth. Not one word of this ancient book has become
obsolete. The difference—an unspeakably precious one—is
that for us Christ stands in the place of every offering, of every
ceremonial. Write ‘‘Curisr” for every sacrifice, every garment,
every utensil, every ceremony, every time and day of obligation,
every object (except leaven) and the book stands, the abiding
instruction of God concerning access and worship. Its great
permanent message is that sacririce as the basis, and pRiest-
HOcD as the means, open the only way of access for a sinner to
God. Hence:
Houtness is the key-word. It occurs eighty-seven times.
Key verse, xix. 2. But, as in contrast with holiness and
revealing the true state of man, the words sin and uncleanness
(in various forms) occur one hundred and ninety-four times.
Sacrifice is the remedy of a holy God for the need of sinful man.
male HISTORICAL.
Properly speaking, there is no history in this book. The
student should, however, carefully study the events in viii.,
ERI.
Ul. BioGRAPHICAL.
See vili,, 1x.. X.
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LEVITICUS. 71
Lh PNR ee
dey pacrilicess 1,.to.u1.,%;
2. The law of the offerings. vi. 8 to vii. 38.
3. Consecration. viil. 1 to ix. 24.
4. A warning example. x. 1-20.
5. A holy God will have a clean people. xi., xii., xiii.,
X19 5 KM,
Atonement. xvVi., XVil.
The relationships of God’s people. xviil., x1x., xx.,
BRT ep KK AT)
8. The feasts of Jehovah. xxiii.
9. Instructions and warnings. xxiv. to xxvii.
-~t &
ITV. SPIRITUAL.
This has been set forth in the lesson introduction, except as
it saturates the types. Essentially, Leviticus maintains the
holiness of God, exposes the utter sinfulness and vileness of
the people, and illustrates the Gospel as a perfect remedy,
putting away man’s sin and bringing him into fellowship with
God.
Nak LYPICAL.«
The types are exceedingly numerous. ‘The student is ex-
horted to the most diligent and prayerful study of these won-
derful unveilings of Christ. Every form of type (see Section
I., Lesson XIV.) is found in this book.
The student will carefully distinguish between sweet savor
and non-sweet savor offerings. The first set forth the ac-
ceptableness of Jesus Christ to God, and are atoning, in that
the holiness of God requires not merely that we should have
done no sin, but that we should have done all good. The
sinner is presented to God in all the acceptableness of Christ’s
perfections. Eph. i. 6. The latter, or non-sweet savor
_ offerings, represent the whole demerit of the sinner laid upon
Christ, so that He is presented to God in all the unacceptable-
ness of the sinner. Because of this, God’s justice smites
Jesus instead of the sinner. | iis
1. The burnt offering (i.) typifies Christ offering
Himself without spot to God in delight to do: His
Father’s will even in death. It is atoning because
LEVITICUS.
the believer has not had this delight in the will of
God; and substitutionary (verse 4) because Christ
did it in the sinner’s stead. But the thought of pen-
alty is not prominent. Heb.-ix. 11-14; x. 5-7; Psa.
xl. 6-8; Phil. ii. 8. - Underscore, in verses 3, 4, 5,
‘‘burnt sacrifice,” ‘‘voluntary,” ‘‘it shall be accepted
for him,” ‘‘atonement,”’ and find illustrative passages
elsewhere in the Bible.
2. The meat (or meal, see R. V.,) offering. ii.
Christ, in his human perfections, tested and tried by
suffering, and the food of His people as bread.
vii. 9, 10; John vi. 33-35; xii. 24. The fine flour
speaks of the evenness and balance of His perfections
(no lumps); the fire, the testing sufferings; frank-
incense, the fragrance in God’s estimation of His
life; absence of. leaven, His sinlessness and incor-
ruption.
3. The peace offering. ili. Type of Christ. our
Peace. Eph. ii. 14. It is not the work of Christ as
making peace, but Himself our Peace. This brings
in prominently the thought of communion with God
about Christ. ‘It is not Christ as enjoyed exclu-
sively by God (as in the burnt offering) but as.
enjoyed by the worshiper in communion with God.”
Hence the peace offering is set forth as affording
food for the priests. vil. 31-34. Observe that
it is the breast (affections) and shoulder (strength)
upon which we as priests (1 Pet. ii. 9) feed in fellow-
ship with the Father. This it is which makes the
peace offering especially a thank offering. vii.
11949:
' ‘The above are the sweet savor offerings because the per-
fections of Christ only are in view. The student will now.
take up the non-sweet savor or sin offerings. Here the per-
fections of the offering are still insisted on, but they are
overlaid, so to speak, with human guilt borne by Him. Isa.
fis b 6%°2 ‘Cor’ QT ih Peteit 4.
The non-sweet savor ae are called sin offerings and
trespass offerings.
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: LEVITICUS. 73
4, Thesin offerings. These have reference to sins
more directly against God, in which the element of
injury to fellow man does not so much enter. They
are expiatory, substitutional, efficacious. iv. 12,
29, 35. They have in view the removal of guilt
by vicarious suffering. Rom. iii. 23-26; 1 Pet. iii.
PSC OF. v2 QE.
5. The trespass offerings. These have primary ref-
erence to wrongs done to the fellow man. Yet, even
here, the offence is also against God, whose creature
has been wronged. See Psa. li. 4. [Man would say
that David’s sin was more against Uriah than God.
Note. In studying each offering in chapters i. to vi. the stu-
dent should turn to the law of that offering in chapters vi. and
vii., and consider them as connected statements.
§. The type of consecration. viii. 1 to ix. 24. The
student should also study carefully Ex. xxviii. 41 to
xxix. 24. It will be observed:
(1) The priests did not consecrate themselves.
The whole thought of self-consecration is un-
scriptural and misleading. Everything was
done by Moses acting for God. Aaron and his
sons simply yielded themselves. Rom. vi. 13;
Sits:
(2) The order in Leviticus differs in two particu-
lars from the order in Exodus: In Leviticus
the filling of the hands of the priests precedes
the sprinkling with oil and blood, in Exodus
this order is reversed.
%, The “strange fire’? of Nadab and Abihu is a type
of the substitution in service and worship of: (1)
self-will for the Word of God; (2) fleshly expedients
for divine power.
8. Leprosy (xiii., etc.), type of sin, as: (1) loathsome;
(2) incurable by human skill; (3) small in its begin-
nings but eventually involving the whole body; (4)
separation from God and the cleansed. xiii. 44-46.
It should be remembered that these directions
about diet and disease were, in their application to
LEVITICUS.
Israel, sanitary and remedial. They are typical to
us. 1 Cor. x. 1-11. The study of types must not
be suffered to destroy the student’s sense of the lit-
eral historicity of the Bible.
The law of the leper’s cleansing. xiv., etc. The
bird slain, and the bird dipped in its blood and
released present the two aspects of salvation in Rom.
iv. 25. ‘‘Delivered for our offences, and raised
again for our justification.” Death, expiation for
guilt; resurrection, God’s seal upon His Son’s work.
The cedar, scarlet wool and hyssop are more obscure.
Note in this type of salvation: (1) The leper does
nothing. The priest ‘‘goes forth” to find the leper.
(2) ‘‘Without shedding of blood is no remission.”’
(3) ‘‘And if Christ be not raised, your faith is vain;
ye are yetin your sins.” (4) Salvation does not stop
with justification. xiv. 25-29.
“10. The day of atonement. xvi. Leaving out the
offering which the priest made for himself (verses 6,
11-14), which has no anti-type in Christ (Heb. vii.
26, 27), the interest centres upon the two goats and
the priest. Note: (1) Allis done by the priest, the
people do nothing. Heb. i. 3, ‘‘by Himself.” (Under-
score carefully the words which express action by
Aaron.) (2) The goat slain (Jehovah’s lot) is that
aspect of Christ’s death which concerns the holiness
and justice of God, and is expiatory. (3) The liv-
ing goat typifies the work of Christ in bearing away
our sins, so that they really are not to be found, and
is conciliatory, Compare 1 Pet. iii. 18 with Isa.
xliv. 22; 2 Cor. v. 21 with 2 Cor. v. 20; Rom. viii.
1, R. V., with Rom. viii. 33. (4) The blood of the
sin offering was sprinkled upon the covering of the
ark in the holy of holies and made it a mercy seat.
Study carefully Heb. ix. and x.
11. The Feasts of Jehovah. xxiii. As given to Israe1
these were simply seven great religious festivals,
which were to be observed every year. Note that
the first three verses do not relate to the feasts, but
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LEVITICUS. 75
guard the Sabbath from confusion with them. The
feasts begin verse 4.
(1) The passover. xxiii. 4, 5. This feast is
memorial and brings in view redemption, upon
which all blessing rests. (See Lesson XVI.)
Typically, it stands for the crucifixion as re-
deeming.
(2) The Feast of unleavened bread. xxiii. 6-8.
The divine order here is beautiful; first, redemp-
tion, then a holy walk. See 1 Cor. v. 6-8; 2
Cor. vii. 1; Gal. v. 7-9.
(3) The Feast of first fruits. xxiii. 10-14. This
feast is typical of resurrection—first, of Christ,
then of ‘‘them that are Christ’s at His coming.”’
1 Cor. xv. 23; 1 Thess. iv. 13-18. (See Lesson
XII.)
(4) The Feast of Pentecost. xxiii. 15-22. The
anti-type is the descent of the Holy Spirit to
form the church. For this reason leaven is
present, because there is evil in the church.
Matto xii. 35} ACts:ve ls 10° xv; 1.) .Observeat
is now loaves; not a sheaf of separate growths
loosely bound together, but a real union of parti-
cles making one homogeneous body. The
descent of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost united
the separate disciples unto one organism. 1 Cor.
XA 2t3, 2030x--16, £7. :
(5) The Feast of trumpets. xxiii. 23-25. This
feast is a prophetical type and refers to the future
regathering of long-dispersed Israel. A long
interval elapses between Pentecost and trumpets,
answering to the long period occupied in the
pentecostal work of the Holy Spirit in the present
dispensation. Study carefully Isa. xvii. 3;
xxvii. 13 (with contexts); lviii. (entire chapter),
and Joel ii. 1 to iii. 21 in connection with the
“trumpets,” and it will be seen that these sym-
bols of testimony are connected with the regath-
ering and repentance of Israel after the church
76 NUMBERS,
or pentecostal period is ended. This is immedi-
ately followed by:
(6) The day of atonement. xxiii. 26-32. The
day is the same described in xvi., but here the |
stress is laid upon the sorrow and repentance of
Israel. In other words the prophetical feature
is made prominent and that speaks of the re-
pentance of Israel after her regathering, prepar-
atory to the second advent of Messiah to set up
His kingdom. See the connection between the
“trumpet” in Joel ii. 1 and the mourning which
follows in verses 11-15. Also, Zech. xii. 10-13
in connection with the atonement of Zech. xiii. 1.
(7) The Feast of tabernacles. xxiii. 34-44. This
feast is also a prophetical type in direct historical
order. It speaksof Israel’s glory after her re-
gathering, repentance and conversion, when the
millennial earth shall rejoice with her and keep
the feast. Zech. xiv. 16-19. | :
:
;
|b eho lel BI RELON NA Abb
The Pentateuch—Continuea.
NUMBERS.
The book derives its name from the fact that it records the J !
enumeration of Israel (i., ii., etc.), but it is rather the book of }
the wilderness journeyings of Israel. Typically, it is the book /
of service and walk. The student will now perceive a beautiful
moral order in these books. Genesis speaks of the new crea=
tion; Exodus of redemption; Leviticus of worship and fellow-
ship; Numbers of service and walk. This is ever the divine
order. 3
The key-phrase occurs fourteen times in chapter i.: «All
that are able to go forth to war.’”’ The central thought is
ra
Jf
NUMBERS. 77
service. But as this service involves journeying, the secondary
thought is the walk. The book is rich in types and these’ bear
directly upon the two-fold key, service and walk.
1 a rliSTORIC AT.
The book covers a period of somewhat more than thirty-
eight years. See i. 1 with Deut. i. 3. The student should
observe that it takes up the story of Israel where Exodus left
it, so that Leviticus is parenthetical and does not advance the
story. The student should, first of all, read the book through,
treating it as purely narrative, and make a brief memorandum
of the events and incidents described. He will then have the
narrative framework.
II. BiroGRAPHICAL.
As in Exodus, so here, [loses is the central figure, and the
trying scenes and vast and varied responsibilities in which he
is tested develop fully his marked characteristics. The stu-
dent, as will be seen by reference to the examination, is ex-
pected to make a list of the other personage$ mentioned in
the book and to signify briefly their characteristics. The
book records the closing scenes in the life of Aaron.
III. - ANALYTICAL.
The book is in three parts: (1) Sinai to Kadesh-barnea,
i, to xii.; (2) the rebellion at Kadesh-barnea and the thirty-
eight years of wandering, xiii. to xix.; (3) the second arrival
at Kadesh-barnea and related events, xx. to xxxvi.
LV. -SPIRITUAL.
_ The spiritual teaching of Numbers is rich in quantity and
exceedingly practical. Asin the other books of Moses, it lies
largely in the types, which will be considered apart, but,
speaking broadly, may be generalized as follows:
1. As regards service.
(1) We are called to service and to warfare, but
in the divine order service is preceded by the
new birth (Genesis), redemption (Exodus),
worship and fellowship (Leviticus). John iii.
6; Matt. xi. 28, 29; Eph. it. 8-10; 1 Thess. i. 9,
10: Titus Wes 3 brovy. xv.-8: rsa. i.
78
NUMBERS,
(2) Acceptable service is never in self-will, either
as to what, when, how, or where. All is di-
vinely ordered; nothing left to inclination or
judgment. i. to iv. See also 1 Cor. xii. 4-18.
Note: ‘*To one’’—‘‘to another,” verses 8, 9; ‘‘as
He will,” verse 11; ‘‘as it hath pleased Him,”
verse 18. Acts xiii. 1, 2; xvi. 7, etc.; 1 Sam.
XV. 22. |
(3) The highest service is that of the Nazarite,
the separated one, who will not defile himself
with even the uncleanness of the people of God.
vi. See also 2 Tim. ii. 20, 21.
2. As regards the walk.
(1) Perhaps the central lesson of the whole won-
derful series is that unbelief hinders blessing.
God brought the nation quickly to Kadesh-barnea
and wished to bring them immediately into
their Canaan rest. They ‘‘could not enter in
because of unbelief,’’ and their carcasses fell in
the wilderness. There isa present rest in Christ
which answers spiritually to Canaan, ‘‘a good
land, a land of brooks of water, of fountains and
depths that spring out of valleys and hills; a land
of wheat, and barley, and vines, and fig trees,
and pomegranates; a land of oil, olive and
honey; a land wherein thou shalt eat bread with-
out scarceness, thou shalt not lack anything in
it.
(2) But the way into the fulness of Christ is the
V. TYPICAL.
way of trust, not of works, and distrust turns
the Christian back into the wilderness of a bar-
ren and weary experience. Deut. i. 19-35;
Heb. iii. 15 to iv. 11.
From 1 Cor. x. 1-11 we learn that all the events of this
book are typical of Christ and of the believer's experience.
We learn, moreover, that these are especially types of warn-
ing. The more important types are:
, Fay,”
ORS Fe? yy
aa ret
. i
1,
NUMBERS. 79
The Nazarite. vi. Type of Christ as ‘“tholy, harm-
less, undefiled, and separate from sinners.” Heb.
vii. 26. The Nazarite did not touch wine (symbol of
natural joy); took the place of weakness (symbol-
ized by the unshorn hair, the woman’s adornment,
1 Cor. xi. 14, 15); and of separation from complicity
in the defilements even of good people. John. xiv.
27; xv. 11; 2 Cor. xiii. 4; Phil. 11. 6-8; Matt. xii.
47-50; xvi. 23.
The ribband of blue. xv. 37-41. Blue is the
heavenly color, and upon the borders of the garments
signified that the people of God were to be heavenly
in obedience and character (verse 40).
Aaron’s rod that budded. xvii. Type of Christ
in resurrection owned of God as High Priest. Aaron’s .
priesthood had been questioned in the rebellion of
Korah, so God Himself will confirm it. Each of the
tribe-heads lays up a perfectly dead rod. God puts
life into Aaron’s. So all the authors of religions
have died—Christ among them—but only Christ was
raised from the dead and exalted to be a high priest.
Heb. iv. 14; v. 4-10.
The red heifer. xix. Type of the sacrifice of
Christ as the ground of the cleansing of the believer
from the defilement inseparable from his pilgrim
walk through this world, and illustration of the
method of his cleansing. Note: (1) the slaying of the
sacrifice; (2) the seven-fold sprinkling of the blood,
typical of the complete and never-to-be-repeated put-
ting away of all the believer’s sins as before God.
Heb. ix. 12-14; x. 10-12. (3) The reduction of the
sacrifice to ashes which are preserved and become a
memorial of the sacrifice; (4) the cleansing from
defilement (sin has two aspects—guilt and unclean-
ness) by sprinkling with the ashes mingled with
water. Water isa type of both the Spirit and the
Word. John vii. 37-39; Eph. v. 26. The operation
typified is this: The Holy Spirit uses the word to
convict the believer of something unclean in his ways
So DEUTERONOMY.
and at the same reminds him of that blood of Christ
which has already put away the guilt and paid the
penalty of that very thing; just as an Israelite,
sprinkled with the ashes, would thereby be reminded
ot the sacrifice already offered. Instead, therefore,
of despairing, the believer judges and confesses the
defiling thing as being unworthy a saint, and is
forgiven and cleansed. Study John xiii. 3-10, R. V.;
1 John i. 7-10.
5. The brazen serpent. xxi. 1-9. Type of Christ
lifted up on the cross and ‘‘made sin,” saving all who
believe. John iii. 14-16; 2 Cor. v. 21.
6. The cities of refuge. xxxv. Types of Christ shel-
tering the sinner from judgment.
LESSON XIX.
The Pentateuch.—Concluded.
a
DEUTERONOMY.
This book, the name of which in our Bibles means second law,
expresses fairly well its content and purpose. Really it consists
of the parting counsels of Moses, delivered (probably) within
a period of seven days, and about one month before the passage
of Jordan. 1. 1-3.
The scene is the plains of Moab over against Jericho; the
occasion the necessity for instructing a generation which had
grown to manhood during the wilderness wanderings.
The key-word is ‘‘thou shalt.”’ Key=verses, xi. 26-28.
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DEUTERONOMY. 81
HISTORICAL.
The book contains a most interesting and instructive sum-
mary of the wilderness history of Israel; and, in the last
chapter, an account of the death of Moses himself. The
student should carefully compare Moses’ review of events
with the account, in Exodus and Numbers, of the events
themselves. It will be found that Deuteronomy gives the di-
vine view rather than the human. Compare, ¢. g., Deut. i.
with Numbers xiii., xiv.
BT;
BIOGRAPHICAL.
The student should make note of every mention of persons
and compare such passages with that which is said eisewhere
of them, observing what particulars are added. It will, of
_ course, be noted that here the autobiography of Moses
ends. AE os
III. ANALYTICAL.
The structural divisions of the book are seven in number:
1. A brief summary of the history of Israel in the
wilderness from the giving of the law at Horeb to
the time then present. i. 1 to ii. 29.
A restatement of the law, mingled with exhorta-
tions based upon the past dealings of Jehovah, and
predictions concerning the conquest of the land and
the results of disobedience. iv. 1 to xi. 32.
3. Instructions, warnings and predictions concerning
the behavior of Israel in the land. xii. 1 to xxvii.
26.
4, The great closing prophecies concerning the bless-
ing and cursing of Israel, the present world-wide
dispersion, the second advent of Messiah, the re-
gathering, conversion, and final blessing of Israel.
XXvVili. 1 to xxx. 20.
5. Last counsels to the priests, Levites, and Joshua.
Sex
6. The song of Moses, reminiscent and prophetical,
and his parting blessings. xxxil., Xxxiii.
7. The death of Moses. xxxiv.
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&2 DEUTERONOMY.
IV. SprritTua..
V.
The central spiritual teaching of Deuteronomy develops the
inflexibility of law. The expressions ‘‘thou shalt” and ‘‘thou
shalt not” are of multitudinous occurrence. It is summed
up in the key-verse: ‘‘A blessing if ye obey,” ‘‘a curse if ye
will not obey.” The inevitable result of this is prophetically
stated, xxx. 1. The law has but one language: ‘‘Whatso-
ever things the law saith, it saith to them who are under the
law; that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may
become guilty before God.” Rom. iii. 19. Christ alone of
all Israel behaved in the land as an Israelite ought. He took
Deuteronomy for His code of conduct. Luke iv. 4, 8, 12.
TYPICAL.
The types of Deuteronomy have been before us in the pre-
ceding books.
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EXAMINATION.
SECTION II, PART 1.
THE PENTATEUCH.
Before beginning this examination read Instructions to
Students, page 4.
GENESIS.
1. Make a list of all the “ beginnings” of Genesis, 2. ¢., of
things, institutions, ete., the origin of which is recorded in
this book. | | ,
2. Write, strectly foe memory, a sketch of the course of
human history, as recorded in Genesis, from the creation of
man to the death of Joseph. This may be very brief.
3. What was the moral condition of Adam and Eve before
the Fall?
84 EXAMINATION: THE PENTATEUCH.
4, What was their position in the earth?
5. Was the law of the ten commandments given to Adam
and Eve?
6. What sin did they commit?
7. At whose instigation?
8. What passages in the New Testament prove that Satan
was the tempter?
9. What immediate evidence of conviction of sin did Adam
and Eve give?
10. What effort did they make to fit themselves for God’s
presence?
11. What evidence did Adam give of saving faith? (See
Gen. iii. 20.)
12. In what typical way did God set forth Hie salvation of
Adam and Eve? °
13. Why was Abel’s sacrifice accepted?
14. Why was Cain’s rejected?
15. Give from memory a list of the important persons men-
tioned in Genesis, with a brief account of the life of each.
16. Give the str uctural divisions of Genesis.
17. Give two passages which indicate the personality of God.
18. Give two passages to prove that God exists apart from
matter.
19. Give two passages to prove the eternity of God.
_.Give two passages which prove His holiness.
21. Give two passages which indicate that the one pte
exists in a plurality of persons. .
22. Give two passages to prove the power of God.
23. Give two passages which show His benevolence.
24. In what two passages does He show His hatred of sin?
25. Give two passages which show His love for the sinner.
26. What was the first universal judgment?
27. Why did that judgment fall?
28. What.was saved through that judgment?
29. What covenant.did God make with Noah?
30. Name, from memory, Noah’s sons.
31. What was the second gener oe ete
32. Why did it fall?
33. What call did God give Abbatn? |
34. From which of Noah’s sons did Abram cans
35... What promise did God first give to Abram?
36. State the successive promises given to Abram. ©
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EXAMINATION : THE PENTATEUCH., 85
37. To Abraham.
38. Give the number of appearances of God to Abram (and
a yee
39. By what names was God known to him?
40. Why was his name changed?
41.. Who was Abram’s first wife?
42, Why was her name changed?
43. Who was Abram’s first-born? .
44, Who was his heir?
45. Of what were these two children typical?
46. .Whom did Isaac marry?
47. State, from memory, the Mpive import of Isaac’s life
and marriage.
48. What promises were given to Isaac?
49. In what respect did these differ from the promises to
pete
-Who were Isaac’s righ ee: +
a Did Esau value his birthright (the Messianic promise
and family priesthood)?
52. By what means did Jacob supplant him?
53. What promises were given to Jacob, and how did these
differ from those given to Abram (Abraham) and Isaac?
54. When, how and why did God change Med 89 s name?
55. Give the names of Jacob’s sons. :
56. State the distinction between the Sart and heavenly
seed of Abraham.
57. To which did Isaac belong?
58. To which did Paul belong?
59. What two classes of types and prediction concerning
Christ do we find in the Old Testament?
60. In what way is the “light” of Gen. i. 3 a type of Christ?
61. In what way is the ‘“‘sun” of Gen. 1. 6 typical?
62. ‘Has the ‘‘day of the Lord” come yet?
63. When will it come?
64. Give three texts to prove the last answer.
65. How was Adam typical of Christ?
66. What particular relation of Christ to the church is set
forth in the union of Adam and Eve?
67. How does Gen. iii. 21 set forth Christ as the righteous-
ness of God?
86 EXAMINATION : THE PENTATEUCH.
- 68. Give the chief Old Testament instances of the lamb as a
type. .
69. State the New Testament proofs that the lamb-types of
the Old Testament prefigure Christ.
70. How was the ark a type of Christ?
71. Does the ark-type apply primarily to the Christian?
72. State in your own words the meaning of the ark-type.
73. Who was Melchisedek? j |
74. What is the New Testament proof that Melchisedek was
a type of Christ?
75. Give New Testament references to show the seven-fold
way in which Christ fulfilled the Joseph-type? |
76. Of what was Eve a type?
77. In what respect does Enoch typify the church?
78. How does Rebekah typify the church?
- %9. How does Asenath typify the church?
80. State how the Eve, Rebekah and Asenath fia: differ
from each other.
EXODUS...
Why is this book called Exodus?
Who was its writer? (See Section I.)
What great event does it record?
What is the key-word of Exodus?
What does the book as a whole typify?
State from memory the four essential elements of re-
demption.
7. Into how many chief parts does Exodus fall?
_ 8. Who was associated with Moses in the mission to Pha-
raoh?
9. What was the message to Pharaoh?
10. What compromises did Pharaoh propose?
11. How do Christians now compromise along the same lines?
12. With how many and what plagues did God punish Egypt?
13. What was the last of them? |
14. What was God’s provision for saving the Israelites from
that plague?
15. Why was it called the Passover?
16, State in order the things to be done by the Israelites in
connection with the Passover?
1%. What part of these was essential to their safety?
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EXAMINATION: THE PENTATEUCH. 87
18. Show how the Passover-type applies to Christ.
19. How many men of Israel went out of Egypt in the Exo-
dus?
20. By whom were the people led?
21. What was the method of guidance?
22. By what means was a way made through the Red Sea?
23. What provision was made for feeding the Israelites in
the wilderness?
24. How long were the Israelites in journeying from Egypt
to Sinai?
25. State briefly the important incidents of the journey.
26. Did God zmpose, or propose the law?
27. Had the people been delivered out of Egypt as the reward
of obedience?
28. Did God, at Sinai, propose the law as a means of salva-
tion?
29. What did God do when the Reape gave up grace and
promised to accept the law?
30. What did the people do after promising to keep the law?
31. Upon how many tables was the law written?
32. What was done with the first tables?
33. How were the tables written?
34. Of what, besides the ten commandments, did the law
consist?
35. Give a brief narrative of the events of Exodus?
36. Of what is Amalek a type?
37. Was peace ever to be made with Amalek?
38. Of whom was Aaron a type?
39. What, according to Exodus, is essential to any ve/ation-
ship with God?
40. What to fellowship?
41. In what respects was Moses a type of Christ our Deliverer?
42. Of Christ our Intercessor and Advocate?
43. Of what is leaven a type?
44, The Red Sea?
45. Manna?
46. The Rock?
47. How was the court of the Tabernacle made?
48. What was within the court?
49. How was the Tabernacle made?
88 EXAMINATION: THE. PENTATEUCH.
50. Into how many apartments was the Tabernacle divided?
51. What was the outermost called?
52. What was placed in it?
53. What was the inner-room called?
54. What was within it?
55. . How only could the inner room be entered?
_ 56. What divided the inner from the outer room?
57. Of what was that veil a type? (Hebrews x. 20.)
_.58. State the.meaning of the colors used in the Tabernacle
and the priests’ garments.
59... Of whom are Aaron’s sons types?
LEVITICUS.
What-is the key-word of Leviticus?
Who wrote Leviticus? (See Sec. I.)
- What, and how many, are the chief divisions?
How ies kinds of Beles are found in Leviticus? (See
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Sec. 33
What offerings. are Seen! “sweet savor” offerings? .
Why? .
Enumerate the sweet’savor offering's? ©
’ State how the burnt offering is a type.
The meat offering.
10. The peace offering. © | .
11. What are (ae two classes of Pech not called ‘*sweet
savor?” .
12. What is the eee a distanagion between Stn’ 7 offerings
and:trxespass offerings?
13. Explain consecration wet nas to the priest ire
14. Give some modern illustrations ‘of the ‘strange fire” of
Nadab and Abihu.
15. Explain from memory how eae: is a type of sin.
16. Explain in your own words, with illustrative references
to New Testament passages, the typical teaching of the law of
the leper’s cleansing.
17. Who only was permitted to enter the holy of nists
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19. By virtue of what?
20. On the day of atonement, what os sii people do?
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EXAMINATION : THE PENTATEUCH. 89
21. By whom was atonement made?
22. What did the slain goat typify? (Give New Testament
references. )
23. What did the live goat typify?
24. What, then, was essential to atonement?
25. When was our day of atonement?
26. Was it a fixed day, so that atonement must have been
then made? (Rom. v. 6; John xii. 22-23, etc.)
2%. What did Christ do to fulfil the type of ‘‘Jehovah’s lot?”
28. Give New Testament references to show how He ful-
filled the live-goat type.
29. Give New Testament references to show how He fulfilled
the high priestly act of entering the holy of holies with the blood
of sacrifice.
30. Willthere be another atonement? (Heb. x. 12-17.)
31. In what respect does the believer’s priestly privilege
exceed that of Aaron’s sons? (Heb. x. 19, 20.)
32. How many feasts were established called ‘‘feasts of the
Lord?”
33. Give them in order with their meanings stated in stu-
dent’s own language.
~ NUMBERS.
Why is this book called Numbers?
Who was its writer? (See Section I.)
Give a brief synopsis of the events.
Give the names of the leading personages.
What does the entire book typify?
What is the key-phrase?
Where was Israel during the time of this book?
Give from memory the analysis of Numbers?
What must precede acceptable service?
What is the central lesson of the book?
11. Explain in your own words what occurred at Kadesh-
barnea?
12. Explain in your own words how believers fail now as
Israel did then.
13. What do we learn from 1 Cor. x. 1-11?
14. Explain how the Nazarite typifies Christ.
15. Explain in your own words how Aaron’s rod typified the
resurrection.
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16. Explain in your own words the ordinance of the red
heifer?
1%. Does its typical teaching apply to an unsaved person? |
18. What does it typify?
19. Explain in your own words the story of the brazen ser-
pent.
20. How does it illustrate salvation through faith in a cruci-
fied Christ?
21. What aspect of Christ’s saving work is set forth by the
cities of refuge?
22. Who was Balaam?
23. What class in the church is he typical of?
24. What prophecy concerning Christ did he utter?
25. What was the sin of Korah, Dathan and Abiram?
26. What saved Israel from wrath because of events in chap-
ter xvi.
27. What was Moses’ sin? (Chapter xx.)
28. Typically, what was the harm of smiting the rock the
second time? (Heb. ix. 25, 26.)
DEUTERONOMY.
. Of what does Deuteronomy chiefly consist?
. What is the key-word?
1
2
3. What differences do you find between the events described
in Deuteronomy and the accounts elsewhere of the same events?
4
9)
Give the analysis of the book.
What predictions does Moses utter in this book?
6. Have all these predictions concerning Israel been ful-
filled?
%. Have the fulfilled predictions been literally or ‘‘spirit-
ually” fulfilled?
8. “Which of the predictions have been literally fulfilled?
9. What predictions remain unfulfilled?
10. Did the Israelites obey Deuteronomy after they got pos- —
session of the holy land?
11. Did any Israelite ever live in the land according to the
laws of Deuteromony?
12. What was his name?
13. What New Testament proof have you that Jesus took
Deuteronomy for His guide? 7
SECTION IL.
HOW TO STUDY THE SCRIPTURES.
PART 2. THE HISTORICAL BOOKS.
92 HISTORICAL BOOKS,
SECTIONS:
dow to Study the Scriptures.
PART II. THE HISTORICAL BOOKS,
GENERAL REMARKS.
(To be caretully noted by students.)
The historical books, properly so called, are seventeen in
number, viz.:
~ Joshua. 2 . | Bara.
Judges. Nehemiah.
Ruth. Esther.
I Samuel. Matthew.
II Samuel. Mark.
I Kings. Luke.
II Kings. John.
I Chronicles. Acts.
II Chronicles.
The New Testament historical books have, however, a dis-
tinctive character and will be treated separately.
This Part will deal with the historical books of the Old Testa-
ment only.
It should be remembered, however, that scarcely any book of
the Bible but has historical passages and references, and that
the sacred history is made up of all these. Old Testament his-
tory, except the first eleven chapters of Genesis, has to do pri-
marily with Israel. Other nations are mentioned only as in-
volved in the history of Israel.
The history of Israel falls into seven distinct periods:
1. From the call of Abram to the exodus.
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HISTORICAL BOOKS, 93
From the exodus to the death of Joshua.
The period of the Judges.
The period of the Kings, from Saul tc the captivicies.
The Captivities
The Restored Commonwealth, from the end of the
Bee nian captivity to the destruction of Jerusalem, A.
De70;
%. The present dispersion.
o> ore 99 BO
Directions for Study.
1. The student should first carefully read, as a narrative
simply, the portions of Scripture referred to in these lessons as
giving the history of each period. This reading should be suffi-
ciently careful to enable the student to write a brief outline of
the events of that period.
2. The student should then study the subdivisions of that
period (as indicated in the lesson) until able to write a more de-
tailed outline of the events of that subdivision.
3. The student should give careful attention to the biog-
Shae
' Typical and other spiritual suggestions in the lessons
tke have particular attention.
94. HISTORY OF ISRAEL: JOSHUA.
LESSON XX.
The History of Israel.
FIRST PERIOD.
This period of four hundred and thirty years extends from the
call of Abram, Gen. xii., to the exodus, but does not include
the exodus. It is, therefore, wholly included in Part I., Section
II., of this course, ‘‘The Pentateuch.” It is mentioned here
that the student may have before his mind a connected history
of Israel.
The sources of the history of the first period are Gen. xii. tol.
and Ex, i. 1-22, with Acts vii. The book of Job, which belongs
to this period, should be read as showing the depth of philosophic
and religious thought, and the maturity of the human mind at
this early time.
' SECOND PERIOD.
This period of about sixty-four years extends from the exodus
to the death of Joshua. The exodus has its true beginning in
the preparation of the deliverer, Moses, and ends with the full
establishment of Israel in the land. God declared the purpose
of the exodus to include the possession of the land. Deut. vi.
22, 23, etc.
The sources of the history of the second period are Ex. i. to
xix.; Num: 4. to xmxiil,; Deut ip todo) oshuad to xxiv atom
which should be added such narrative portions as occur in Ley-
iticus, z. ¢., chapters viii., ix. and x.
The analysis of the second period is:
1. Israelin Egypt. Ex. i. to xv.
2. From the Red Sea to Sinai. Ex. xvi. to xix.
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HISTORY OF ISRAEL: JOSHUA. 95
3. From Sinai to Kadesh-barnea. Ex. xix. to xl.; Num.
i. to xiv. ,
4, From Kadesh-barnea to Jordan. Num. xv. to xxxv. ;
Deut. 1. to xxxiv.
5. The entrance and conquest of the land. Josh. i. to xxiv.
The student in his study of the Pentateuch having already
covered four of the above divisions, there remains but the fifth,
which is wholly within the book of Joshua.
LESSON XXI.
—_——_——
The History of Israel.—continued.
SECOND PERIOD—JOSHUA.
This book is the proper continuation of Exodus, since it re-
cords the consummation of the redemption of Israel. See
Deut. vi. 23. Leviticus is a part (and complement) of the law.
Except for the unbelief of Israel at Kadesh-barnea there would
have been no books of Numbcrs and Deuteronomy. The former
is the record of the wilderness wandering's, which were the result
of unbelief and disobedience at Kadesh-barnea, and the latter,
the second giving of the law, was made necessary by the fact
that the generation which received the law had perished in the
wilderness. Had Israel gone into the land from Kadesh-barnea,
whither they arrived after eleven days’ journey from Sinai
(Deut. i. 2), the last twenty-one chapters of Numbers and all of
Deuteronomy would not have been written, and Exodus and
Leviticus would have been followed by a book like Joshua, giv-
ing an account of the conquest and division of the land. In
Heb. xi. 29, 30, the long period of the wanderings disappears,
because the Holy Spirit could find no rational act of faith be-
tween the passage of the Red Sea and the downfall of Jericho.
See, also, Heb. iii. 17, 19. Joshua, therefore, completes the
96 HISTORY OF ISRAEL: JOSHUA.
story of redemption begun in Exodus. Considered thus to-
gether, redemption is the key-word of both; with deliverance
as the special theme of Exodus and possession of Joshua. Full
redemption is ‘‘brought out’ and ‘‘brought in.”
THe StTupy, oF JosHuA.
J. HisToRICAL.
Fix the order of events in the mind. Also the names of
the ‘‘seven nations’ formerly inhabiting the land.
Il. BioGRAPHICAL. }
Here Joshua is the dominant figure, but all of the person-
ages have strongly marked characteristics, and hence are
easily carried in the memory.
JII. ANALYTICAL.
Joshua falls into four parts:
Ly De cong rests to ee
2. The partition of the land, xiii. to.xxi.
3. Incipient discord, xxii,
4. Joshua’s last counsels and death. XXili,, XXIV. _
IV; SPIRITUAL.
In a spiritual sense Joshua is the Old Testament Ephesians.
The ‘‘heavenlies” of Ephesians (Eph. 1. 3; ii. 6; iti. 105 vi.
12, R. V.,) are to the Christian what Canaan was to the Is-
taelites, viz., a place of conflict, but also of victory and rich
blessing. In Joshua xxi. 43-45 four blessings are mentioned:
possession (verse 43), rest and ee (verse 44), and pee
promises realized (verse 45).
Canaan, therefore, is not a type of heaven, for in heaven
' there are no conflicts; but of the believer’s’ present. position
‘Gn heavenly places in Christ Jesus.”
- Hence the key to the-spiritual teaching of Joshua is the
expression (i. 2) ‘‘Moses my servant is dead.” The conflicts
by which the land was to be gained required a commander and
leader, not a law-giver. The most rigid keeping of the law
~. could never have brought in Israel and expelled the nations.
HISTORY OF ISRAEL: JOSHUA. 97
For this, superhuman power was required. The Jordan at .
full flood was passed dry-shod and the walls of Jericho fell at
the mere blast of the ram’s horns. This was not law work,
but divine power. The ‘‘seven nations’ in the land were
“oreater and stronger” than Israel. Deut. vii. 1.
In the same way the believer, who is by title ‘‘in heavenly
places in Christ Jesus” from the moment of conversion, enters
into a present heavenly experience by divine power, and not
by the works of the law. ‘‘The law of the spirit of life in
Christ Jesus hath made me free from the law of sin and
death.” Rom. viii. 2.
In the wilderness Israel fought Amalek, a type of the flesh
' (see Lesson XVI.). The New Testament anti-type is the
conflict between the ‘‘old man” and the ‘‘new man” in Rom.
vii. 14-25. In the land there was still conflict, but its object
was the dislodgment of alien occupants, and the permanent
and peaceful possession of a rich inheritance. This is a type
of the strife which is described in Eph. vi. 10-18. The causes
of the victories and of the defeats of Israel in the land should
be carefully pondered, for they throw a flood of light upon
our own warfare ‘‘against the principalities, against the
powers, against the world rulers of this darkness, against the
spiritual hosts of wickedness in the heavenly places.” Eph.
vi. 12, R. V.
The student should also observe that while the war with
Amalek was decreed to be perpetual, thus teaching that the
flesh is always in us, Israel might have utterly dispossessed
her inheritance of the seven nations and so rested in unbroken
peace. She did not do this, but, satisfied with a measure of
victory, left her enemies in partial possession. The result
was that her peace was often broken and she was again and
again brought into bondage. See ix. 1-16; xii. 1; Judgesi.
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The book is thus filled with spiritual truth of most practical
import to the believer.
V .+* TYPICAL;
Broadly, the typical teaching of Joshua has been indicated
above. .
HISTORY OF ISRAEL: JOSHUA.
1. Joshua (Je-hoshoa, meaning Jehovah-Savior) is a
type of Christ, our Captain and Deliverer. The
more important points are:
(1) Hecomes after Moses. See Johni. 17; Heb.
ii. 10; vii. 18, 19; Gal. ili. 23-25; Rom. x. 4.
(2) He leads to victory. 2 Cori. 10; ii. 14; 1
Thess. i. 10; 2 Tim. iv. 17; Rom. viii. 37.
(3) He is our advocate when we have suffered
defeat. Joshua vii. 5-9; 1 John 11. 1.
(4) He allots our portions. Eph. i. 11, 13; iv.
8-11.
2. The passage of Jordan. Type of our death with
Christ. Rom. vi. 6-11; Eph. ii. 5, 6; Col. iti. 1-3.
The truth in Rom. vi. 11-13 opens the secret of the
resurrection life as a present experience. It is not
that ‘‘sin” (the flesh) is dead—that is the fatal error
of one school of sanctificationists—but the believer
accounts himself ‘‘dead unto sin, but alive unto
God,” and ‘tyields” his ‘‘members as instruments
of righteousness unto God.” \
3. The Reubenites, Gadites and half-tribe of Manas-
seh, who chose their inheritance just outside the
land, are types of world-borderers—Christians who
are neither wholly in Egypt nor wholly in the land.
The student should trace their subsequent history.
What their descendants were when Messiah came is
seen in Mark v. 1-17. ©
4, The scarlet line of Rahab speaks by its color of
safety through sacrifice. Rom. iii. 25.
5. Circumcision. Literally, the sign of the Abrahamic
covenant. Gen. xvii. 7-14; Rom.iv. 11. Spiritually,
‘“‘the putting away of the filth of the flesh.” Coll..iii.
5-11; 1 Pet. iii. 21. It should be observed that this |
was the first act after the entry into the land. Joshua
v.2. The ‘‘rolling away of the reproach of Egypt”
(Joshua v. 9), therefore, is the first condition of
enjoying the better Christian experience. How
_ . comforting to see that it was not a self-work; that it
was Joshua who made the ‘‘sharp knives” and who
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HISTORY OF ISRAEL: JUDGES. 99
circumcised the Israelites. Their part was simply
to permit it. See Eph. iv. 31.
6. The downfall of Jericho. vi. Type of the secret
of victory in the conflict of Eph. vi. 12, R. V. It
therefore illustrates 2 Cor. x. 3-5. The ‘trumpet
of ram’s horns’ illustrates 1 Cor. i. 27-29. It is
impossible to dwell upon all the details, but the
central truth is that spiritual victories are won by
means and upon principles utterly foolish and in-
adequate in the view of human wisdom. 1 Cor. i.
17-29.
%. The sin of Achan. viii. Teaches the great truth
of the oneness of the people of God. vii. 11. ‘‘Israel
hath sinned.’”’ See in illustration 1 Cor. xii. 12-14,
26; v. 1-7.
LESSON XXII.
The History of Israel.—cContinuea.
THIRD PERIOD—THE JUDGES.
This period extends from the death of Joshua to the choice of
Saul and covers about three hundred and thirty years. The
passage in Acts xiii. 19, 20 is correctly rendered in the Revised
Version: ‘‘And when he had destroyed seven nations in the land
of Canaan, he gave them their land for an inheritance for about
four hundred and fifty years; and after these things he gave
them judges until Samuel the prophet.
It should be said, however, that the chronology of this and
the beginning of the succeeding period is involved and difficult.
The character of the government during this period is dis-
closed by 1 Sam. vill. 7; x. 18,19. From the exodus to Saul
100 . HISTORY OF ISRAEL: JUDGES,
the government was a theocracy; Jehovah was the king of His
people. His rule was administered through Moses, Joshua and
the Judges, the last of the Judges having a peculiar character.
Eli was a priest-judge; Samuel a prophet-judge.
[After the Judges Jehovah continued His theocratic rule by
means of kings. During the Millennium judges will be restored ~
over Israel (Isa. i. 26; Matt. xix. 27, 28), though Jehovah-Jesus
as David’s son will be a visible king. Hosea ili. 4, 5; Ezek.
XXXVil. 21-28; Luke i. 32, 33; Acts xv. 14-17. With the Baby-
lonian captivity began the ‘‘times of the Gentiles,” which con-
tinue to the second advent, yet future (Luke xxi. 24; see
Section II., Part 4, ‘‘Daniel,” and Section VII., Part 1, ‘“The
Times of the Gentiles’), during which the theocratic rule is
reduced to a simple providential direction of events, rulerships
and magistracies. The book of Esther illustrates this. God
is not once mentioned in that book, but works nevertheless for
the preservation of His people. This veiled watchfulness char-
acterizes the present dispensation. See also Daniel ii. 37, 38;
Rom. xiii. 1-7.] :
The third period is characterized by division, disunion and
confusion. The evil effects of the failure utterly to extirpate
and drive out the inhabitants of the land were apparent as soon
as the strong hand of Joshua was no longer felt. The tribes fell
away into idolatries, which were punished by subjection to alien
rule. Their deliverances were by the Judges, who were specially
raised up of God. It does not appear that.any judge ruled over
the entire nation until Eli. The single possible exception is
Deborah. Judges iv. 5.
The sources of the history of the third period are the books
of Judges and Ruth, and 1 Sam. i. to xii,
JUDGES.
This book is the sad record of the failure of the covenant
people in the land. The key-word is confusion; the key-verse,
xvii. 6: ‘‘Every man did that which was right in his own
eyes.” :
The book takes its name from the personages called Judges,
HISTORY OF ISRAEL: JUDGES. IOI
whose deeds are recorded therein. Chapter 11. 7-23 is a resume
of the entire book.
Perhaps no better remark upon the book was ever made than
that of Professor W. G. Moorehead, D. D., of Xenia (‘‘Outline
Studies in the Books of the Old Testament’): ‘‘Seven apos-
tasies, seven servitudes to the seven heathen nations, seven
deliverances!”
THE STUDY oF JUDGES.
I. Husrorica..
The student should remember that in Judges he is not
- reading the orderly and connected history of a nation. Dur-
ing the whole period covered by the book of Judges the tribes
rather than the nation arein view. Nevertheless, the student
should, as in the case of Joshua, become familiar with the
book as a narrative of events.
II. BroGRAPHICAL.
The Judges are, of course, the prominent personages. The
student should conceive of them as tribesmen in Israel upon
whom the Lord laid the burden of Israel’s apostate and op-
pressed state. They were the spiritual ancestors of the
prophets; that is to say, patriots first of all, and religious
reformers only because national security and prosperity were
inseparably connected with loyalty and obedience to Jehovah.
III. ANALYTICAL.
Judges is in two parts.
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Part 2. xvii. to xxi.
ITV. SPprmRITUAL. ,
Over the book of Judges as a guide to its spiritual interpre-
tation might be written Zechariah’s great word (iv. 6), ‘‘Not
by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord.”
Not one of the chosen deliverers had anything whereof to
glory in the flesh. Othniel was but the son of the younger
brother of Caleb; Ehud was a left-handed man and an assas-
sin; Shamgar, a rustic with an ox goad; Deborah, a woman;
Gideon, of an obscure family in the smallest tribe, etc. Each
of the classes mentioned in 1 Cor. i. 27, 28 is illustrated among
the Judges.
102 HISTORY OF ISRAEL: RUTH, KINGS.
RUTH.
The book of Ruth should be read in connection with Judges.
It presents a picture of life under the judges which is in sharp
contrast with that presented in the closing chapters of the latter
book. The two pictures will illustrate the varying state of Israel
during this period.
Typically, Ruth gives a foreview of the church (Ruth) as the
Gentile bride of Christ, the rich Bethlehemite (Boaz). She also
furnishes a lovely type of a right and normal Christian experi-
ence. In chapter i. she is seen as deciding; in chapter ii. as
serving; in chapter iii, as resting; in chapter iv. as rewarded.
PES oO NX Sik
The History of Israel.—continued.
FOURTH PERIOD—THE KINGS.
This period, covering about four hundred and eighty-five
years, extends from the accession of Saul to the Babylonian
captivity.
_ The sources of the history are 1 Sam. viii. 1 to xxxi. 13; 2
Samuel, 1 Kings, 2 Kings, 1 Chronicles, 2 Chronicles, and the
narrative portions of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel,
and. all of the pre-exile (see Section I., Lesson III.) minor
prophets except Jonah and Obadiah, viz., Joel, Amos, Hosea,
Micah, Nahum, Zephaniah and Habakkuk.
The analysis of the fourth period is:
1. The choice and reign of Saul.
2. The reigns of David, Solomon and of Rehoboam to the
revolt of the ten tribes.
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HISTORY OF ISRAEL: KINGS, SAMUEL, 103
3. The divided monarchies to the Assyrian captivity of
the Samaritan (ten-tribe) kingdom.
4, From the Assyrian captivity of Samaria to the Baby-
lonian captivity of Judah.
With few exceptions the events, the names and duration of
the reigns of the kings are found exclusively in the historical
books (1 Samuel to 2 Chronicles), while the moral state of the
people is disclosed by their prophets. The student should
therefore study the prophets in close connection with the nar-
ratives. Written prophecy begins long subsequently to the
division. The following tables will assist the student in com-
bining the study of the narratives and of the prophets:
KINGDOM OF JUDAH.
KINGS. ) PROPHETS.
Joash, | Joel.
Uzziah, | |
Jotham, : Isaiah,
Ahaz, | Micah.
Hezekiah. | /
Josiah, | Nahum,
Jehoahaz, Zephaniah,
Jehoiakim, | Jeremiah,
Jehoiachin. | Habakkuk.
KINGDOM OF ISRAEL.
KINGS. | PROPHETS.
Jeroboam II.,
Shallum, |
Menahem, | Amos,
Pekahiah, | Hosea.
Hekah,
Hoshea.
The story is really very simple and seems complex only be-
cause told in fragments.
The method of study is simply to take the kings in their
104 HISTORY OF ISRAEL: CAPTIVITIES.
order: Saul, David, Solomon, to the division of the monarchy;
then the kings of Judah from Rehoboam to Jehoiachin, and of
Israel from Jeroboam to Hoshea—reading carefully all that is
said of each of them in the books mentioned in ‘‘Sources of the
History.”
The prophets of the reign, as indicated in the tables, are also
to be read.
Nore. The student is not in this historical study to give attention to the
predictions of the prophets, but only to that part of their writings which
discloses the state of the people, e. g., Isa. i. 1-23; Joel 1. 1-20; Amos v. 1-17,
etci ett:
LESSON. XXIV.
The History of Israel.—continued.
FIFTH PERIOD—THE CAPTIVITIES.
This period covers altogether, from the beginning of the
Assyrian captivity of the Samaritan kingdom (B. C. 721) to the
beginning of the restoration of Judah (B. C. 536), one hundred
and eighty-five years; Judah having maintained some semblance
of national autonomy for about one hundred and fifty years
after the captivity of Samaria.
Probably individuals from all of the tribes returned to Jeru-
salem under Zerubbabel, Ezra and Nehemiah, but, speaking
broadly, the dispersion of the ten tribes still continues; nor can .
they now be positively identified. They are, however, preserved
distinct from other peoples and are known to God as such,
though they themselves, few in number, know Him not. Deut.
Xxviii. 62; Hosea iii. 4; viii. 8; Isa. xi. 11-13. But a remnant of
Judah returned after seventy years. wad
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HISTORY OF ISRAEL: EZRA, MALACHI. 105
Daniel, Obadiah, Esther, Ezrai., Neh. i. 1 toii. 8. Daniel and
Esther give the fuller view of this period. It will be seen that
the captives were treated as colonists, not slaves. The effort of
Satan was to cause them to lose national identity and become
indistinguishable from the Assyrians and Babylonians.
LESSON XXV.
The History of Israel.—continued.
SIXTH PERIOD—THE RESTORED COMMONWEALTH.
This period extends from the first restoration under Cyrus
(B. C. 536) to the destruction of Jerusalem (A. D. 70).
The sources of the history are Ezra, Nehemiah, Daniel, Haggai,
Zechariah, Malachi, and all of the books of the New Testament
except Rev. iv. to xxii. The student who desires to go deeply
into the subject should also study Maccabees (Apocrypha) and
Josephus.
The analysis of the sixth period is as follows:
1. From the return of the first detachment under Zerub-
babel and Joshua (B. C. 536) to the dedication of the
restoration temple, about twenty-two years. Ezrai. to
vi., Haggai, Zechariah.
2. Interregnum (no record).
3. From the commission of Ezra (B. C. 458) to the com-
mission of Nehemiah (B. C. 444), fourteen years. Ezra
vii. to x,
4, The governorship of Nehemiah (B. C. 444 to B. C. —).
Neh. i. to xiti.; Malachi.
5. From the end of the Old Testament canon to the birth
of Christ, about four hundred yout Apocrypha, Jose-
phus, secular histories.
106 HISTORY OF ISRAEL : DISPERSION.
6. From the birth of Christ to the crucifixion. Gospels.
7%. From the ascension of Christ to the destruction of Jeru-
salem, about forty years. Acts, Epistles, secular history.
SEVENTH PERIOD—THE PRESENT DISPERSION.
This period extends from the destruction of Jerusalem (A. D.
70) to the present time. As the sources of the history of this
period are entirely secular it is not included in the Correspond-
ence Course, which is strictly Biblical, When the study of the
Prophets is reached the future history of Israel will be consid-
ered.
Notre. The student will observe that the examination upon this part
enters the New Testament only for the purpose of following the history of
the Jewish people. The New Testament history will be separately con-
sidered. \ :
SECTION II.
HOW TO STUDY THE SCRIPTURES.
PART 3. THE POETICAL BOOKS.
108 POETICAL BOOKS: JOB.
SECTION EE:
How to Study the Scriptures.
PART JIL. =-THE- POETICAL BOOKS:
The books classed as poetical are Job, Psalms, Proverbs,
Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Lamentations. The term
‘‘noetical” is not to be taken as implying fancifulness or un-
reality, but as relating to form only. —
LESSONGAXVE
JOB.
This book is probably the most ancient writing in the Bible.
Its author is unknown. That Job really existed and that the
book is a true narrative is shown from Ezek. xiv. 14, 20; James
v. 11. That he lived in patriarchal times is clear from (1) the
age to which he lived, which could not have been less than two
hundred years, and was probably two hundred and ten. He
survived his disasters one hundred and forty years. If this,
following the rule of God in relation to his other blessings, was
double the years of his age when his calamities befell him, then
he must have been seventy years old at that time, and his entire
age, as suggested above, two hundred and ten. (2) That the
book was written before the exodus is evident because, in the
entire discussion of human responsibility under the divine gov-
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POETICAL BOOKS: JOB. IO9
ernment and of the problem of the suffering of the righteous,
there is not the least reference to the Decalogue, nor to the
Levitical sacrifices.
Analysis.
Part 1. Introduction. i. and ii.
Part 2. The afgument. iii. to xlii.;6,
Part 3. The solution. xl. 7-17.
The student should first read the book as a narrative until
able to write a synopsis of the story—omitting all reference to
the arguments of the personages. This story will be found to
be exceedingly simple.
The student should, secondly, study the problem of the book,
which lies deeper. - In its simplest form it is: Why do the
godly suffer? In the profound and beautiful discussion we
have (1) the shallow view of Satan, that the people of God love.»
and serve Him for the profit of His temporal favor, refuted;
(2) the scarcely less shallow view of Eliphaz, Bildad and Zophar
(who agree in the main); that the suffering of the righteous is
the temporal punishment of known (but perhaps secret) sins,
refuted; (3) Elihu hasa far juster and more spiritual conception
of the problem than any one of his three elders, or even Job
himself, but his eloquent discourse is marred by conceit and
volubility; then (4) Jehovah, dismissing the self-confident and
dogmatic Elihu as one who ‘‘darkeneth counsel by words,”
Himself calls Job into controversy. His wonderful monologue
is really a discourse upon His attributes, followed by a revela-
tion of Himself which produces its invariable effect. See Gen.
xvii. 1-3; xxxii, 24-31; Joshua v. 13, 14; Isa. vi. 1-5; Dan. x.
4-8; Rev. 1. 12-17. The words of Job, following the revelation
of Jehovah (xlii. 1-6), give at last the solution: The godly are
afflicted that they may be brought to self-knowledge and
self-judgment. The sufferings are not penal for their sins,
but remedial and purifying. ef t
The book of Job is a commentary on 1 Cor. xi. 31, 32; Heb.
xii. 7-11 (especially verse 10, l.c.); Luke xxii. 31, 32; 1 Cor. v.
5. Job was a good and godly man, but self-righteous, lacking
in humility. Chapter xxix. 1-25 exposes this fully. It shows
what was in his heart during his prosperity. The personal pro-
nouns ‘‘I,” ‘‘my” and ‘‘me” occur fifty times.
IIo POETICAL BOOKS: PSALMS.
THE PSALMS.
The simplest definition of this marvelous collection is derived
from its ancient use as The Hebrew Prayer and Praise Book.
As finally gathered (probably by David) the Psalms form a Penta-
teuch, or five-fold book.
Analysis.
Book 1. 1. to xli.
Book 2. xiii. to 1xxii.
Book 8. 1xxili. to 1xxxix.
Book 4. xc. to cvi.
Book 5. cvii. to cl.
These divisions are not arbitrary, but are marked by doxolo-
gies at the end of each book. See xli. 13, etc. Primarily the
«Psalms consist of prayers, praises, experiences, promises of
God, and declarations of the divine nature and will. But all
these are instinct with the spirit of prophecy. Words used by.
David and others, expressive of their emotions under the most
varied experiences, are appropriated in the New Testament to
Christ; and other passages having as their first or primary use
the expression of the sufferings, fears, hopes or joys of God’s
ancient people, look forward also to similar conditions of the
Jewish Remnant during the Tribulation.
In Luke xxiv. 25-27, 44 our Lord declares that the Rents
are Messianic and concern His sufferings and glory. Psalms
XXll., XxXlii., xxiv. furnish examples of this Messianic teaching.
The first is the Psalm of crucifixion, the second shows that this
crucified one is the Shepherd Jehovah, and the third introduces
Him in His glory as king of the earth.
So Psalms i. and ii. present Him as: the Righteous Man
(i.); as the rejected and crucified Christ (ii. 1-3 with Acts iv:
24-28), and finally as King in Zion, ruling the earth with resist-
less might (ii. 4-9). The Lord’s priestly office is also developed
in the Psalms, as in cx. 4 with Heb. vii. 17.
That the entire collection is arranged (whatever the date of
each Psalm) by divine wisdom to exhibit the divine purposes in
orderly progression, no one deeply familiar with prophecy can
doubt. This prophetic element will be referred to in Part 4 of
this Section, ‘“The Prophetical Books.”
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POETICAL BOOKS: PROVERBS. ECCLESIASTES. III
PROVERBS.
This collection of sententious saying's is divine wisdom applied
to the earthly conditions of the people of God. That Solomon |
was the author (i. 1) of the book implies no more than that he
gathered into the existing form and orderly arrangement these
sayings already current among the people, given portion by por-
tion by the Holy Spirit perhaps through many centuries. See
Eccl. xii. 9, which is Solomon’s account of the matter.
It appears from xxv. 1 that the portion included in xxi. to
xxix. existed up to Hezekiah’s time in manuscript, and was
published in his reign. Chapters xxx., xxxi. are by Agur and
Lemuel, respectively. :
The analysis is difficult and is not of great importance, as no
structural unity has been discerned. It may be said to fall
into five parts:
Parity iptorix.
Part 2, | xvtO XXiv.
Part O00 xxv to XKIX.
Part 4. Xxx.
Pavero HSE
That wisdom is more than the personification of a divine at-
tribute and is an adumbration of Christ, is sure to every devout
mind (Prov. viii. 22-31). Christ found Himself in this book.
Luke xxiv. 27. If the student will read ‘‘Christ” instead of
‘‘wisdom’”’ in the passages where the latter word occurs he will
see the wonderful power of this book.
ECCLESIASTES.
In this book we have the divine demonstration of the futility
of seeking satisfaction and happiness by any means possible to
the natural.man. Its key-phrase is, “under the sun.” It
shows man under the most favorable circumstances seeking
peace and joy by every method open to man and finding only
‘vanity and vexation of spirit” instead.
The student should notice that it is not at all the will of God
which is developed, but that of man ‘‘under the sun” forming
112 POETICAL BOOKS: ECCLESIASTES.
his own code. Itis, therefore, as idle to quote such passages
as ii. 24, iii. 22, etc., as expressions of the divine will as it would
be so to apply Job ii. 4, 5, or Gen. iii. 4. The constant repeti-
tion of such expressions as, ‘‘I perceived,”’ ‘‘I said in my heart,”
‘then I saw,’ etc., sufficiently indicate that here the Holy
Spirit is showing us the workings of man’s own wisdom and his
reaction in weariness and disgust.
It is what man, with the knowledge that there is a holy God
and that He will bring everything into judgment, discovers of
the emptiness of setting the heart upon things ‘‘under the sun.”
He concludes after all that the best thing attainable is to fear
God and obey him. It may be said that this was a correct con-
clusion at a time when the law was the last and highest revela-
tion from God. But the whole duty of man to-day is not to
‘fear God and keep His commandments,” but to take his place
before God asa sinner condemned by the commandments, believe
on the Lord Jesus Christ to the saving of his soul, and then to
live in the power of resurrection life.
Dr. W. J. Erdman well says: ‘‘A final proof that even this
highest and best conclusion is still of the natural man lies in the
fact that no preacher of the gospel would select this text as one
containing the gospel.”’
Prof. W. G. Moorehead, treating the book as a sermon, gives
(in substance) the following
Analysis.
dee 4 a Bere 8
Lif Lext proved:
(1). Byvexpertence oto 7.
(2) By observation. iii. to iv.
2. Text unfolded.
(1) The miseries of life.
» (2) The hypocrisies of life.
(3) The wrongs and injustices of life.
(4) The riches and poverty of life.
(5) The uncertainties of life. :
(6) The best thing possible to the natural man
apart from God.
-(7) The best thing possible to the man who knows
God and His law. .
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- POETICAL BOOKS: CANTICLES. . E13
THE SONG OF SOLOMON,
Author, Solomon. i. i. Perhaps nowhere in Scripture does
the unspiritual mind tread upon ground so mysterious and in-
comprehensible as in this precious book. Certainly, nowhere.
does the soul in unhindered fellowship with God. through the
Spirit’s fullness find more pure and exquisite delight. This has
been proved by the powerful hold which in every age it has had
upon the purest, saintliest, men and women.
It sets forth the very inner workings of the heart of (emee
toward His bride, and the answering love which is but the pale
reflection ee his own.
‘‘As moonlight unto sunlight,
Or as water unto wine.”
That the love of the divine Bridegroom for His blood-bought
and purified bride should follow all the analogies of that rela-
tionship seems evil only to minds so debased that marital desire
itself seems to them unholy.
It is most comforting to see that all these tender affections
of Christ are for His bride in her unperfected state, while she is
stillin the place of trial and failure. The book, therefore, shows
a succession of lapses from communion (not from salvation)
and restoration.
Analysis.
Part1. i. 1 toii. 7%. The bride brought into restful com-
munion with the Bridegroom.
Part 2. ii. 8 to iii. 5. The bride returns to her former
home (a lapse from communion), but is brought back.
Part 3. iii. 6 tov. 1. Happy communion.
Part 4. v. 2, 3. Discloses a separation of heart. The
bride is satisfied with her washed feet, while the Bride-
groom, His head filled with dew, is toiling for others.
See Luke vi. 12; xiv. 21, 23.
Part 5. v. 4 to vi. 3. The bride now seeks Him; no longer
satisfied with His gifts, merely, and testifies of His
beauty.
Part 6. vi. 4 to viii. 14. Unbroken communion.
114 POETICAL BOOKS: LAMENTATIONS.
LAMENTATIONS.
The touching significance of this beautiful poem (the student
should read it in the Revised Version) lies in the fact that it is
the disclosure of the love and sorrow of Jehovah for the very
people whom he is chastening. Israel and Judah are seen in
captivity—a captivity appointed of God—yet their sorrow is His
sorrow, their affliction His affliction. The book illustrates such
passages as Isa. xiii. 9; Matt. xxiii. 36-38.
That the words are the expression of Jeremiah’s personal
sorrow is true, but they are also God’s words, and the sorrow
was God’s sorrow wrought in Jeremiah’s heart.
Analysis. The five chapters give correctly whatever of
structure there is in the book, viz., five distinct lamentations.
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EXAMINATION.
SECTION II, PARTS 2 AND 3.
THE HISTORICAL AND POETICAL BOOKS
Before beginning this examinat’or, r ad Instructions to
Students, page 4.
QUESTIONS. |
1. Give the number and titles of the Historical Books.
2. In what other books of the Bible’is historical matter
found? sa el
3. With what nation is Old Testament history chiefly con-
cerned? SRG
4, Give from memory. the seven periods of Israel's history.
116 EXAMINATION : HISTORICAL BOOKS.
FIRST PERIOD.
What was the duration of the first period?
Between what events did it extend?
What are the sources of the history of the first period?
8. Give from memory a brief outline of the events of the
first period.
9. What are the names of the chief personages of the first
period?
10. What notable book of the Bible belong's to this time?
11. What was the number of the Israelites who went into
Egypt?
i. vo Ox
SECOND PERIOD.
12. What was the duration of this period?
13. What events marked its beginning and ending?
14. What are the sources of the history of this period?
15. Give from memory the divisions of this period. —
16. Give from memory a brief narrative of the events of the
first division.
17. Of the second division (including the events of Sinai).
18. Of the third division (including events of Kadesh-
barnea).
19. Of the fourth division (to the death of Moses).
20. What time was occupied by the events of the fourth
division?
21. Who were the chief personages of the fourth aceon
22. Give from memory a brief narrative of the events of
the fifth division.
23. Who are the chief personages of the fifth division?
24. Of what book is Joshua the proper continuation?
25. Why was it pied aes to write Numbers and Deute-
ronomy? «= ;
.,26. .What 1 is s the xe panty of. Ese and Toshia?
oe What, thus grouped, is the distinctive key- word of
Exodus? i
“28. Of Joshua?
29. What is, then, full redemption?
30. ‘Out of what is the sinner brought?
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EXAMINATION : HISTORICAL BOOKS. 117
31. Into what is he brought?
32. Who is the chief personage in Joshua?
33. Give names of otherimportant personages.
34. Give from memory the four divisions of Joshua.
35. Give a brief narrative of the events of the sip division.
36. Of the second.
37. Of the third.
38. Give a synopsis of Joshua’s last counsels. |
39. To what New Testament book does Joshua correspond?
40. Was Canaan a type cea
41. Why? or why not?
42. Is the believer now of the world (Egypt)?
43. Is hein heaven?
“44. Where is he actually in Lady presence?
45. Where is he spiritually?
46. Does the believer have conflicts? -
47, Is the victory gained through the law ue: ade?
48. How is the victory gained? |
49. Can legal obedience secure the highest spiritual bette A
love, joy, peace, etc.?
50. How are these gained? (Gal. v. 16, 22, 23.)
51. Of whom is Joshua a type?
52. State, in your own words, the four respects” in which
Joshua is a type.
53. Of what is the passage of Jordan a type?
54. State the typical significance of the two-and-a-half tribes
who chose their inheritance on the wilderness side of Jordan.
55. Explain typical meaning of Rahab’s sigh.
56. Of circumcision.
5%. Of the downfall of Jericho.
_58. Of the sin of Achan. |
THIRD PERIOD.
59. State the duration and terminal events of this period.
60. What was the character of the government during this
period? |
61. Will this form of government ever be restored?
62. When?
63. When did the times of the Gentiles begin?
118 EXAMINATION : HISTORICAL BOOKS.
64. When will they end?
65. What is the character of the divine rule over the earth
during the times of the Gentiles?
66. What was the general condition of Israel during ihe
third period?
67. What was the primary cause of that pontiidn’
68. To what does this correspond in Christian experience?
69. What are the sources of the history of this period?
70. Of what is Judges the record?
71. What is the key-verse of Judges?
72. Give from memory the names of the Judges?
73. Give a brief account of the events from the death of
Joshua to the choice of Saul.
74. Did the plan to change the form of government come
from God?
75. Whom did Israel reject as king when Saul was chosen?
76. What influenced the people in their choice of Saul?
7%. To what period does the book of Ruth belong?
78. What is the typical significance of Ruth?
FOURTH PERIOD.
%9. State the duration and terminal points of this period.
80. What are the sources of the history?
81. Give from memory the divisions of the fourth period.
82. Give a brief narrative of the choice, reign and death of
Saul. ,
83. What personages were conspicuous in his reign?
84. What was his character? |
85. Give a brief narrative of the events from the death of
Saul to the revolt of the ten tribes.
86. Name the chief personages of this period.
87. The three most important events.
88. Where, and over whom, was David first crowned?
89. Under what circumstances was he acknowledged king
over all Israel? |
90. Give your impression of David’s character.
91. Give God’s opinion of David.
92. Into what covenant did God enter with David? — :
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EXAMINATION: HISTORICAL BOOKS. 119
93. State the duration of that covenant.
94. Under its terms would it cease to be binding upon God
if David’s descendants did evil?
95. What confirmation of His covenant with David did God
give to Mary the mother of Jesus before His birth?
96. Has this ever been fulfilled?
97. Of whom was Solomon the son?
98. What was his mother’s name?
99. Give the chief events of his reign in order.
100. Give your impression of his character. |
101. Name the chief personages of his reign.
102. What is said of Jeroboam during the reign of Solomon}
103. Who succeeded Solomon as king?
104. By what acts did he alienate the affections of part of the
tribes?
105. Give an account of the disruption of the monarchy
founded by David.
106. By whom and when had this disruption been predicted?
107. How many tribes revolted from Rehoboam?
108. Whom did they choose king?
109. What is the ten-tribe kingdom usually called (1 Kings
xit, 19.)
110. What is the ued of the two tribes usually called?
111. Give the names and a brief account of the reigns of each
of the kings of /srae/ from Jeroboam to the end of the ten-
tribe kingdom.
112. What prophets lived during this time in Israel?
113. Which of these left wrztten prophecies?
114. What brought the kingdom of Israel to an end?
115. Was this kingdom ever restored?
116. Give the names and a brief account of the reigns of each
of the kings of /udah from Rehoboam to the end.
117. What prophets lived during this time in Judah?
118. Of them, who left wrztten prophecies?
119. What was the moral and religious state of Israel and of
Judah during the divided monarchies?
120.. How long after the destruction of Israel did Judah en-
dure? .
121. What nation aed, Judah into captivity?
129 EXAMINATION: HISTORICAL BOOKS.
FIFTH PERIOD.
122. What distinguished personages lived during the captiv-
ity of Judah?
123. What books give an account of the captivity of Judah?
124. State the notable events during the captivities.
125. What was the duration of Judah’s captivity? _
SIXTH PERIOD.
126. Give the duration and terminal events of this period.
127. What number of Jews returned to Palestine?
128. Under what leaders?
129. By permission of what rulers? —
130. What books give an account of the sixth period? -
131. Into how many divisions does the period fall?
132. Give in your own words the story of the first division.
133. Why cannot you give an account of the second division?
134. Give the events of the third division.
135. Of the fourth and fifth divisions.
136. Of the sixth division.
137%. . Of the seventh division. |
138. Who was the real sovereign over the Jewish PoPRe at.
the birth.of Christ?
139. * Who. was sovereign at His death?
140, Did the Romans permit the Jews to. manage their reli-
gious affairs during the life of Christ? .
141. Give. references showing the exercise of authority in
religious affairs by the rulers of the Jews.
142. Had these rulers SUD OR EY, in other than religious mat-
ters?
143.. .Give from memory a list of the chief personages in the
seventh division, .
144, What books. of the Bible were written during the seventh
division. eke
- SEVENTH PERIOD.
145. Give the duration of the.seventh period.
146. State from memory the seven periods of Israel’s history.
Note.—The years of the period need not be given, but it is of the utmost
importance for the student. te master the general division into periods.
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EXAMINATION : POETICAL BOOKS. 121.
EXAMINATION.
SECTION II, PART 8.
THE POETICAL Books.
1. Enumerate from memory the poetical books.
2. What is meant by the word ‘‘poetical”’ applied to these
books?
JOB.
3. What personages are named in Job?
4. Why do you believe Job to have been a real person?
5. What is the problem of Job?
6. Give chapter and verse showing Satan’s view.
7. Why do you believe Satan to be a real being?
8. What is his relation sometimes to the calamities and
afflictions of Christians?
9. Give a New Testament quotation to the same purport.
10. Within what limits may Satan afflict Christians?
11. What advice did Job’s wife give?
12. Give references to show Eliphaz’ view of the sufferings
of Job.
13. Is any part of Eliphaz’ first speech quoted approvingly
in the new Testament?
14. What was Job’s answer to Eliphaz’ first speech? (Give
brief summary.)
15. Give the poznt of Bildad’s first speech.
16. Give the substance of Job’s answer.
17. Give the view of Zophar in his first speech.
18. Give the substance of Job’s answer.
19. Give the substance of Eliphaz’ second speech.
20. Give Job’s answer. (In brief summary.)
21. In the same way give the gist of Bildad’s second Jeg
and. Job’s answer.
22. Also, Zophar’s second speech and Job’s answer.
23. Also, the third speech of Eliphaz and Job’s answer.
24. Also, Bildad’s third speech and Job’s answer,
122
25.
26.
27%.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
EXAMINATION : POETICAL BOOKS.
Why was Elihu’s wrath kindled?
Give the substance of Elihu’s view of Job’s afflictions.
What is the object of Jehovah’s address?
What was the effect upon Job?
Why were Job’s afflictions permitted?
~ PSALMS.
Into how many books is Psalms divided?
What marks the divisions?
What is meant by the Messianic element in Psalms?
How do you prove that there is a Messianic and pro-
phetic element?
~~PROVERBS.
34. What is the right use of this book?
35. Who arranged the collection?
36. Was Solomon the author of all the Proverbs?
37. Give the analysis.
38. Is Christ to be found in this book?
39. In what character?
ECCLESIASTES.
40. What is the purpose of Ecclesiastes?
41. Who was its author?
42. What is the key-word?
43. Are all its statements to be taken as expressions of the
divine will?
44, What was the whole duty of man under law?
45. What is the whole duty of man under grace?
SONG OF SOLOMON.
46. What is the spiritual meaning of the song?
47%. Why is it comforting?
48. Does it treat of salvation?
49. Give the analysts.
LAMENTATIONS.
50. During what period of Israel’s history was this book
written? : . |
51. By whom?
52. State its special significance.
SECTION II.
HOW TO STUDY THE SCRIPTURES.
PART 4. THE PROPHETICAL BOOKS.
124 PROPHETS.
SECTION II.
How to Study the Scriptures.
PART IV. _THE PROPHETICAL BOOKS.
1. The prophets were men raised up mostly outside the
priestly or Levitical class in times of apostasy and declension.
Their function was, primarily, that of revivalists and patriots,
speaking to the national conscience and striving to restore faith
in Jehovah, purity of worship, and patriotism among the peo-
ple. The ministry of Elijah illustrates this. Later in the his-
tory of the nation the predictive element became more promi-
nent; and then, because these predictions concerned the far
future, the prophecies were written that they might be pre-
served.
2. The prophetical books of the Old Testament are sixteen
innumber. As the captivities of Israel and of Judah are largely
the theme of the Old Testament prophets, they are appropri-
ately classed as pre-exile, exile and post-exile. The division
(as in our Bibles) into major and minor, a division based solely
upon the bulk of the writings, is unscientific and misleading.
3. The pre-exilic prophets, in the order of the date of their
writings, are: Obadiah, Joel, Jonah, Amos, Hosea, Isaiah, Mi-
cah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah and Jeremiah. |
These are divided into prophets of Israel (the ten-tribe king-
dom), and prophets of Judah.
The prophets of Israel, all pre-exilic, are Jonah, Amos and
Hosea.
The pre-exilic prophets of Judah are Obadiah, Joel, Isaiah,
Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah and Jeremiah.
4, The prophets of the exile, both of Judah, but prophesying
to the whole nation, are Ezekiel and Daniel.
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PROPHETS. _ 125
--5, The post-exilic prophets, all of Aisne are Haggai, Zech-
ariah and Malachi.
Note. Jeremiah’s ministry extended slightly into the captivity of Judah.
Note. The chronological order of Joel, Obadiah and Jonah is much dis-
puted. ‘The order as given above has the weight of authority.
How to Study the Prophets.
~The contents of the prophetic writings indicate the natural
method of their study. |
' I. Bear constantly in mind that the prophet had ipeimarily
to deal with the moral and religious condition of his people in
his own time. That condition was always bad, even when there
was temporal prosperity, for prophets were never sent while
the nation was walking obediently. The denunciations, re-
bukes and exhortations therefore are not general and abstract,
to be applied to the race or the church, but local and Israelitish.
Think of the prophet as he was, a godly Israelite filled with
the Holy Spirit and with patriotic zeal, in the midst of a people
living in violation of covenant obligations, in the heartless and
insincere observance of religious forms, or in open idolatry.
The prophet, then, was first of all a Hebrew patriot and re-
vivalist. But, beside this, he was also a foreteller; he spoke.of
that which should come to pass. Here, too, he was in the main
avoice speaking to Israel. It was not the mission of the
prophet to announce future events except as they concerned the
Jewish people. Other peoples are mentioned only as they come
into contact with the nation or the national Messiah.
The great themes of predictive prophecy are:
1. The dispersion and captivity of the chosen people.
2... The person and advent of Messiah.
3. The restoration under Messiah’s rule of the nation to
its own land.
4, The glorious kingdom of Nedeiuh over Israel and then
over the whole earth.
126
5.
16 be
PROPHETS.
These general prophecies are mingled with prophetic
warnings which were to have a near and local fulfillment
—as certain invasions, famines, etc. It will be seen
that many predictions have a near and local fulfill-
ment, which is but partial and precursive of some
greater fulfillment yet to come.
The student should read attentively Deut. xxviii. 1 to
xxx. 9. This passage is a kind of synopsis of all prophecy.
Observe:
aie
The children of Israel entered upon the possession of
the promised land, not under the unconditional covenant
of Jehovah with Abraham, but under the condition of
obedience to the law. Deut. xxviii. 1-14.
That the first consequences of disobedience were to be
chastisements in the land. Deut. xxviii. 15-30.
If such measures should prove ineffectual to restore
Israel to obedience, enemies from without were to be
used as a greater scourge. Deut. xxviti. 31-35.
If this failed then Israel was to be conquered and car-
ried away into captivity. Deut. xxviii. 36-63.
Even this does not exhaust the decreed chastisement,
_ for it is further said that there shall follow a world-wide
~2
dispersion, accompanied with unceasing and awful per-
secutions. Deut. xxviii. 64-68.
Chapter xxix. is a recapitulation of the dealings of Je-
hovah with Israel hitherto and of the threatened judg-
ments to follow disobedience. :
Then follows the sublime and reassuring prophecy of
Deut. xxx. 1-9. It is an epitome of Old Testament
prophecy.
a. It implies the failure of Israel in the land and the
infliction of the predicted penalties. Verse 1.
6b. The repentance of Israel, while yet in the disper-
sion, of these very sins and a return to the law.
Verse 2. Observe, this is legal, not Gospel repent-
ance. It is not yet ‘‘looking upon Him whom they
have pierced” (Zech xii. 10; xiii. 6), but Jewish
obedience to the law.
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PROPHETS. 127
c. This is followed by the compassion and return of
the Lord, the regathering of dispersed Israel and
their establishment once more in the land. Verses
3-5. |
dad, Then occurs the conversion of the nation. Verse 6.
ec. Judgment is then visited upon the Gentile nations
which have persecuted and oppressed Israel. Verse’.
jf. The passage closes with a prediction of the full
earthly blessedness and millennial prosperity of the
nation.
Such is prophecy. Israel, rashly accepting the law at Sinai,
is tested under it under the most favorable circumstances; fails
utterly though often warned; does not profit by chastisement,
so that captivity and finally dispersion follow. When the writ-
ing prophets appear the captivity is just impending, but all
their warnings are invain. Then, as in Deuteronomy, rebukes
and warnings are followed by comforting and glowing predic-
tions of the ultimate glory and blessedness of Israel. These
predictions, ample and minute, fill in the details left blank in
the Deuteronomic outline. The passage in Deuteronomy, for
example, refers to the return of the Lord (Deut. xxx. 3), so
implying His previous presence on earth. In the prophets,
while this return is still the great theme, there is much also con-
cerning the first advent of Messiah, his deity and humanity, his
humiliation, rejection and crucifixion. So, also, the repentance
of Israel and the regathering and conversion of the nation,
briefly predicted in Deuteronomy, are elaborately described in
the prophets.
In like manner the Deuteronomic outline says nothing of the
character in which the Lord will return, nor of how the future
blessedness of Israel in the land is to be made sure. The
prophets tell us that the Lord will return in the character of a
king, who will rule in divine power, but by human right, as
son and heir of David. ;
III. Tosum up: The student will observe the broad division
of the prophetic writings into (1) the prophet’s ministry to his
own time and generation; (2) his predictive ministry, which
concerns the future exaltation of Israel under Jehovah-Mes-
siah, David’s Son.
128 PROPHETS.
IV. As it is impossible to read any writing understandingly
without interpretation, it is necessary to say that the prophetic
writings are to be interpreted in the literal, natural and un-
forced meaning of the words. This is made certain by the fact
that all fulfilled prophecy has been fulfilled literally, not spirit-
ually or allegorically. A few representative passages will suf-
fice for the proof of this statement.
Gen; xv. 13:16 5 Xvi. 4.112; *Deut. Kxvili462-67;: Psa. xxii. 1;
7. 8, 18-18; 2 Isa, ‘vifhe145 71, 63° 1ii9'2-94°xliv' 28" Hosea iti, 4;
Joel ii. 28, 29; Micah v. 2;~Acts 1i. 16-18; Matt. xxi. 4, 5; Luke
i.:20, 31; Acts 1.5; Matt. ii. 4-6; Luke xxi. 16, 17, 24; Acts
xxi. 10, 11. :
The student, by simply noting in the Gospels the expression
‘that it might be fulfilled,” will be able to add a very large
- number of such proofs that God invariably fulfills prophecy
literally. There are figurative passages (Ezek. xxxvii. 1-10,
e. g.), but when the meaning of the figure is ascertained, that
will be literally fulfilled. This renders the study of prophecy
simple. Zion and Jerusalem mean Zion and Jerusalem, not the
church.
V. The church is not in prophecy at all. The earthly min-
istry, death, resurrection and second coming of Christ are sub-
jects of prophecy, but His purpose to form a church during His
rejection by Israel is never disclosed until announced by Jesus
Himself (Matt. xvi. 18). See also Eph. iii. 3-10.
VI. How to study each book. The student should read the
book slowly and carefully, noting separately the subjects with
which the prophet deals, and under these the chapter and verse.
This gives the: oa
Classification of the book. For example, Jeremiah be-
gins by speaking of himself. That gives the first head,
‘‘Jeremiah.” Under that head the student will note, as he
reads, the passages in which the prophet speaks of him- —
self. Then certain kings are mentioned; each of these
names will be a head for notations. Ini. 15 ‘‘kingdoms
of the north,” ‘‘Jerusalem” and ‘‘Judah” are mentioned.
In this way the student should go through the first read-
ing of the book. He is then prepared to study the book
topically, to discover what the prophet says upon each
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PROPHETS: JONAH. 129
of his subjects. _What does he say of himself? What of
Jehoiakin? What of Zedekiah? What of the kingdoms
of the north? What of Jerusalem? etc., etc. As will be
seen, the examination is intended to test the student’s
knowledge of these things.
THE PROPHETIC WRITINGS.
I. The Prophets Before the Exile.
,.4 Lhe pre-exilic prophets, beginning with Obadiah in the reign
of Athaliah, cover a period of about 230 years—from about 840
B. C. to 609 B. C. During this period the Samaritan or ten-
tribe kingdom, called in the Prophets ‘‘Israel” and ‘‘Ephraim,”
was destroyed, and the entire period was one of increasing un-
belief, idolatry, and of the distress caused by successive and in-
creasingly severe chastisements from God.
The revivals under Uzziah, Hezekiah and Josiah, partly re-
ligious and partly political, are soon shown to have been super-
ficial and without root in the popular conscience and faith.
LESSON XXVII.
Prophets of Israel Before the Exile.
JONAH.
1. Tue History or THE PropuHet’s TIME. 7
It is impossible to determine this with absolute certainty.
This, however, does not destroy the historical and personal
reality of the book. From 2 Kings xiv. 25 we learn that he
130 PROPHETS: AMOS.
was a recognized prophet,-and of Gath-hepher. From our
~ Lord’s words (Matt. xii. 38-41) we have the confirmation of
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.
‘his mission to Ninevah, and the satiate ent oe a most
striking event in his life.
GENERAL REMARKS.
The prophecy is absolutely without reference to Judah or
Israel. The ministry of the prophet was wholly to a Gentile
city, Nineveh. Indeed, we would not know whether he was
of Judah or the ten tribes except for the reference in 2 Kings
xiv. 25 to Gath-hepher. But from our Lord’s typical use of
his history we get the clue to the permanent instruction of
the book. It speaks of God’s mercy breaking through the
wall of Jewish separation and going forth to the Gentiles;
and this accomplished through a sent one who had known
(in type) death and resurrection.
ANALYSIS OF THE Book.
This is naturally indicated in the division into chapters in
- the common version of the Bible.
fo x
LESSON XXVIIL
Prophets of Israel Before the Exile.—continued.
~~ AMOS.
Tue History OF THE PROPHET’S TIME.
Amos prophesied to Israel, the ten-tribe kingdom, in the
days of Uzziah, king of Judah, and of Jeroboam II., king of
Israel. He was of the tribe of Judah, but was sent into the
northern kingdom to prophesy. i. 1; vii. 14, 15.
Jeroboam II., an able but wicked king, reigned in Samaria
forty-one years. During thirty-seven years he was contem-
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PROPHETS: AMOS. . 131
porary with Uzziah, king of Judah. He was a successful
soldier and his reign seemed to increase the power and pros-
perity of the northern kingdom. But he was a shameless
idolater.. Just in the midst of this period of outward triumph
and prosperity the rough uncompromising herdsman of Tekoa
uttered his terrible rebukes and warnings. It is an illustra-
tion of the principle of Luke xvii. 26-50; 1 Thess. ii. 3. The
former is the very illustration used by Amos v. 11, 12. Pow-
erful and prosperous as the kingdom then seemed, it was
within about eighty years of utter extinction. This was the
burden of Amos’ prophecy.
GENERAL REMARKS.
The spirit of the book is rude, violent, intense, dramatic.
Some passages are strikingly like utterances of Jeremiah
nearly one hundred years later.
ANALYSIS OF THE Book.
Section I. Chaptersi. toii. 3. Predictions of the judgments
of God upon Damascus (Syria), Gaza, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Ek-
ron, Tyre, Edom, etc.
Section II. Chapter ii. 4-16. Predictions of the judgments
of God upon Jerusalem and Judah. 3
Section III. Chapters ii. 1 toix. 7. Predictions of judg-
ments upon the ‘‘children of Israel, against the whole family
which I brought up from the land of Egypt.”’ It is impossible
fairly to limit the language to the ten-tribe kingdom, usually
called ‘‘Israel’” or ‘‘Ephraim,” though the latter is especially
in the eye of the prophet. The sentence is against the
‘thouse of Jacob” (iii. 13) though it was, in the event, exe-
cuted first against the northern kingdom. The passage ex-
poses with unsparing hand the moral rottenness and apostasy
underlying the outward splendor and prosperity of the time.
Section IV. Chapter ix. 8-15. The comforting and beau-
_ tiful prediction of the preservation of the “‘house of Jacob;”
the restoration of the Davidic monarchy; the extension of the
Davidic power over the earth; and the glory of the kingdom.
This passage is quoted by James in Acts xv. 13-17 as a pre-
diction to be fulfilled at the second coming of Christ, and as
indicating the time of the conversion of the world.
13
2 PROPHETS : HOSEA.
LESSON XXIX.
| Prophets of Israel Before the Exile.—cContinued.
wo
3.
HOSEA.
Tue History oF THE PROPHET’S TIME.
Hosea was a contemporary of Amos in Israel and of Isaiah
and Micah in Judah. Preceding lessons have sufficiently ex-
plained the time. Jeroboam II. is the only one of the later
kings of Israel mentioned by the prophet, but it is expressly
stated (i. 1) that this word of the Lord came to him in the
days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah, kings of Judah;
so that Hosea prophesied even after the extinction of the
northern kingdom, which occurred during the reign of Ahaz.
GENERAL REMARKS.
Hosea is abrupt, figurative and metaphorical in style. It
is, therefore, of the utmost moment to arrive at the thing
meant by the symbolic action or speech.
ANALYSIS OF THE BOOK.
Hosea obviously falls into three sections:
Section I. Chaptersi. toi. This part discloses the moral
state of Israel. The nation had been as a wife to Jeho-
vah. He had, so to speak, committed the honor of His
name to her, and had cherished her with tender love,
but she had become adulterous (i. 2, 3). It should be
remembered that by this terrible word God designates
worldliness in His people in any dispensation. Cf. James
iv. 4. The effect of her sin is disclosed in the symbolic
names of the prophet’s children. ‘‘Jezreel’” (i. 4, 5) was
a reminder not only that God had not condoned the terri-
ble crime of Jehu (2 Kings x. 1-14), but that all like
crimes of Israel were remembered. ‘‘Lo-ruhama’”’ (i. 6),
meaning unpitied, signified that the time of pity and for-
wiles radi
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PROPHETS: HOSEA. — 133
bearance was soon to be followed by judgment. ‘‘Lo-
ammi” (i. 8, 9), ‘‘not my people,” signified that Israel
should cease to be owned of God as His peculiar people.
This has been wonderfully fulfilled. It was never said of
Judah. 7 |
Then follows the touching promise which assures the
restoration of Israel and Judah and their reéstablishment
as the earthly representatives of Jehovah. The student
will note the inspired interpretation of this passage in
Romans ix. 24, 25 as having the Jews in view, while
Romans ix. 26 quotes Hosea ii. 23 as of the conversion of
the Gentiles. Peter also (1 Peterii. 10) quotes Hosea ii.
23 as applying to Gentiles.
Chapter ii., while unsparing in revealing the sin of. Is-
rael, and her Lord’s grief and horror, is inexpressibly
touching in its revelation of His unchanging love and
of his willingness to receive back His sinning spouse.
She shall again call Him ‘‘Ishi’”—my husband.
Chapter iii. The symbolic wife is bought back. Then
follows the wonderful prediction so wonderfully fulfilled
as to verse 4. Literally fulfilled, be it observed. By
what rule could verse 5 be made figurative?
Section II. Chapters iv. to xiii. 13. Here the use of
figures, except the usual bold metaphors of the writing
prophets, is abandoned, and in words of great force and
beauty Jehovah sets forth the specific sins of His people.
But it is evident that it is the wrath not alone of insulted
holiness but of outraged tenderness. The language is
full of unshed tears. Se
Section III. Chapters xiii. 14 to xiv. 9. The ulti-
mate conversion and blessing of Israel. ste
Very soon the predictions of coming judgment were
fulfilled, and in the lifetime of the last distinctive prophet
of Israel the Samaritan kingdom was destroyed and the
tribes carried away to Assyria. Judah is left yet for more
. than a century and a half, when the same doom befell her.
A remnant of Judah returned, but Israel still lies hid far
from the land.
134 PROPHETS: OBADIAH.
1.
LESSON XXX.
Prophets of Judah Before the Exile.
OBADIAH.
THE History OF THE PROPHET’S TIME.
The weight of evidence, mainly internal, seems to fix the
date of Obadiah’s ministry in the reign of the bloody Atha-
liah. 2 Kings viii. 16-26; xi. 1-16.
The contemporary history, however, is of slight moment,
as the prophet deals entirely with an external power—Edom,
or Idumea. .
The Idumeans are descendants of Esau. Gen. xxv. 30;
xxvii. 38-41; xxxvi. 8; Num. xx. 14-23. Edom had previ-
ously been the theme of an important prophecy (Num. xxiv.
17-19), which looks on to the future reign of Messiah as the
Sceptred One out of Israel.
The occasion of the prophecy was some confederacy against
Jerusalem in which Edom took a hostile part. Verses 7-14.
GENERAL REMARKS.
Obadiah is the first of the prophets to use the prophetic
formula, ‘‘the day of the Lord.” As the expression is fre-
quently used it should be defined. It means:
A prophetic period, yet to be fulfilled, beginning
with the return of the Lord in glory, and ending with
the purgation of the heavens and the earth by fire
preparatory to the new heavens and the new earth.
The day of the Lord is preceded by six signs: The
sending of Elijah (Mal. iv. 5); cosmical disturbances
(Joel ii. 31; Matt. xxiv. 29); the fancied security of
the people (1 Thess. v. 1-3); the Apostasy (2. Thess.
ii, 3; and the revelation of the man of sin (2 Thess.
ii 1-8).
esting a. thes re
PROPHETS : JOEL. 135
In connection with Obadiah the student should read Isa.
xxxiv. and also Isa. lxiii. 1-6.
8. ANALYSIS OF THE Book.
Section I. Verses1-6. The vision of Edom’s humiliation.
Section II. Verses 7-14. The crowning sin of Edom.
The local application of the passage is to Edom's alliance with
some enemy of Jerusalem in the prophet’s own time. Pre-
dictively it refers to a like confederacy with Gentile powers
when they shall be gathered against Jerusalem in the great
battle referred to in Zech. xiv. 1, 2; Rev. xix. 17-21.
Section III. Verses 15, 16. The final future visitation
upon Edom in ‘‘ the day of the Lord.” See Isa. xxxiv; 1xiil.
1-6. The ‘‘great battle” will be fought on Idumean soil.
Section IV. Verses 17-21. The inclusion of Edom in
Messiah’s kingdom—the fulfillment of Num. xxiv. 17-19.
Pes SCONE
Prophets of Judah Before the Exile—continuea.
JOEL.
1. Tue History oF THE PROPHET’s TIME.
This is rendered uncertain by the fact that no evidence, in-
ternal or external, exists by which the date may certainly be
fixed. The weight of evidence seems to favcr the view that
136 _ PROPHETS: JOEL.
vo
he exercised his ministry during the reign of Joash. (2 Chron.
xxii., xxiii., xxiv.). However this may be, it is certain that
his ministry fell within the period of sixty-eight years from the
accession of Joash to the accession of Uzziah. In his youth
he may have known Elijah, and he certainly was a contem-
porary of Elisha (prophets of the ten-tribe kingdom, Israel).
The student should read 2 Kings xi., xil., xili., xiv., xV.,
2 Chron. xxii-xxv. |
The occasion of the prophecy. Here, asin the prophecy
of Obadiah, the Spirit finds in an occurrence of the prophet’s
own time a suited occasion for the unveiling of far distant
events. For the sins of the people unprecedented judgments
had fallen upon the land. But these were but precursors of
sorer visitations yet to come if evil should be persisted in, and
so the vision of the prophet goes forward as did that of Oba-
diah into the ‘‘day of the Lord.”’
GENERAL REMARKS.
Joel, read in connection with Obadiah, illustrates the meth-
od, not merely of prophecy, but of the Biblical revelation of
truth of all kinds, viz., progressiveness. Obadiah introduces
a new element—‘‘the day of the Lord;’’ Joel unfolds and de-
velops it, as do the prophets who follow him, and the New
Testament takes up and completes the vision. The different
books of the Bible are thus bound together, from Genesis to
Revelation, by the progressive and harmonious development
of doctrine. The true mark of the early date of a writer is
not, as the literary critics say, rudeness of style—for a herds-
man of Tekoa would not in any age write with the elegance
of a trained scribe—but rudimentary doctrine.
ANALYSIS OF THE BOOK.
Section I. i. 1-20. The occasion of the prophecy. Four
successive plagues of insects—palmerworms, locusts, canker-
worms and caterpillars—had been sent as chastisements upon
the people. Verses 4, 6, 7. This was unprecedented, and
hence a mark of divine displeasure. Verses 1-3. The prophet
points out the cause in the sin of the people, and the remedy
in repentance. There is the greater need of this as worse
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calamities are impending. This brings into view the day of ©
the Lord. Verse 15.
Section II. ii. 1-27. The prediction of an invasion (‘‘the
northern army,” verse 20) as an incident of the day of the
Lord. ‘(Isa. xiv. 31; xli. 25; Jer. i. 14, 15; etc.)
The primary reference is to an impending invasion, possi-
bly that of Hazael, 2 Kings xii. 17, or of one of the later As-
syrian invasions, but the picture in its fullness of detail is of
the great and final ‘‘day of the Lord.” The actual Syrian or
‘Assyrian invasion thus lies in the prophecy, but only as a
shadow-picture of the more awful day of the Lord. The
prophet points out (verses 12-17) the way to secure the deliver-
ance of the Lord in the coming invasion, and this will be also
an instruction to the Jewish believers in the actual and ultimate
day of the Lord, when, from the way of the north all nations
will gather to battle against Jerusalem. Thus the actual in-
vasion was a true fulfillment of Joel’s prophecy, but-the larger
and complete fulfillment awaits the final day of the Lord.
Section III. ii. 28-32. The promise of the outpouring of
the Spirit.
_ Here Joel affords an illustration of a prophecy which. has
precursive and preliminary fulfillments, leaving still a great
consummative fulfillment to be accomplished. Peter could
say on the day of Pentecost, ‘‘this is that which was spoken
by the prophet Joel,” but a reference to the prophecy makes
it clear that Pentecost was not all of that which was spoken
by the prophet Joel.
‘Section IV. iii. 1-21. The true day of the Lord. The
order of events is: |
1. The regathering of Judah (not yet of Israel or
‘‘Hphraim’—the ten tribes) back to Jerusalem.
mi\enset 1?
2. The gathering of the nations against Jerusalem.
By this is meant the armies of the Gentile powers.
Verses 2, 9-15; Rev. xvii. 12-14; Rev. xix. 17-19.
8. Whatever political motive may prompt the Gentile
powers to this gathering of their hosts from the way
of the north to the valley of Jehoshaphat, the Lord’s
138 PROPHETS: ISAIAH.
is
controversy with them is concerning their treatment
of His ancient people. Verses 2-8; Gen, xii. 3; xv.
13, 14; Num. xxiv. 9; Deut. xxx. 5-7; Matt. xxv.
31-45.
4. The Deliverer out of Zion. Verses 15, 16; chapter
ii,: 82;; Obadiah 17; Rom. xi. 26-29; Rev. xix.
11-16, 19-21. (It appears from a comparison of all
the prophecies concerning this part of the day of the
Lord, that with the appearance of the signs described
in Joelii. 10, 11; iti. 15; Matt. xxiv. 29, 30, the gath-
ered armies fall back into Moab, where their destruc-
tion is consummated. Isa. Ixiii. 1-6.)
5. The millennial blessedness of Israel, with Jehovah-
Jesus dwelling in Zion. Verses 17-21; Isa. ii. 3, 4.
LESSON XXXII.
Prophets of Judah before the Exile.—cContinued.
ISAIAH.
Tue Hisrory. OF THE PROPHET’S TIME.
We learn from chapter i., verse 1, that Isaiah prophesied
within the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah.
These reigns, according to the Bible chronology, covered the
long period of one hundred and eleven years, divided as fol-
lows: Uzziah fifty-two years, Jotham fourteen, Ahaz sixteen,
and Hezekiah twenty-nine.
It is certain from Isaiah vi. 1-13 that Isaiah received his
prophetic commission in the year of Uzziah’s death. He had
probably previously, but recently, written chapters i. to v.
Uzziah was at this time a leper, and Jotham was regent. 2
Kings xv. 5. (‘‘Azariah” is an alternative spelling of ‘‘Uz-
PROPHETS: ISAIAH. 139
ziah.”) It may be said, therefore, that the events of Uzziah’s
reign do not affect the prophecy directly. Jotham, successor
of Uzziah, is mentioned but twice in Isaiah (i. 1; vii. 1),
and it does not appear that Isaiah exerted his prophetic gift
during that reign. His real activity, therefore, falls within
the reigns of Ahaz and Hezekiah, and the book is deeply col-
ored by the history of their times. |
Ahaz reigned sixteen years, from the death of Jotham to
his own death, and Hezekiah’s reign of twenty-nine years
followed.
The character of Ahaz was utterly bad. He was. an open
idolater. For this sin the punishment was an invasion by
Rezin, king of Syria, and Pekah, king of Israel. In this
strait Ahaz appealed to Tiglath-pileser, king of Assyria, for
succor, and pillaged the temple treasury of money for a trib-
ute. Tiglath-pileser accordingly invaded Syria and captured
Damascus, where he was visited by Ahaz. Upon the return
of the latter he changed the temple ordinances, and further
despoiled the house of the Lord. (2 Kings xvi.)
Hezekiah began well, having an especial zeal against idola-
try, which he punished and so far as possible extirpated.
One of his first acts was to break the tributary relation to
Assyria, which his father had established. This act of rebel-
lion was followed by the invasion of Judah by Sennacherib,
king of Assyria. His arms were successful, and Hezekiah in
alarm asked for terms of peace. These were fixed by the
conqueror as the restoration of the vassalage asin Ahaz’ time,
and the payment of an enormous indemnity. To pay this the
temple was again looted. In spite of this Sennacherib sent a
great army against Jerusalem. It is evident from the lan-
guage reported in 2 Kings xviii. 17-25 that Sennacherib had
become aware of secret negotiations between Hezekiah and
the king of Egypt; and also that Hezekiah was endeavoring
to arouse the ancient faith of Judahin God. The whole ques-
tion of the Egyptian negotiations is obscure, but it is evident
Isaiah knew of them. It is thus made plain that actual or
threatened invasions, or on the other hand, alliances with Gen-
tile powers, were the occasion of the ‘‘burdens” of the differ-
ent nations in the prophecy.
140 PROPHETS: ISAIAH.
‘In the crisis of his danger Hezekiah turned utterly to God.
Isaiah sent him a reassuring prophecy, in fulfillment of which
the angel of the Lord smote in one night 185,000 of the Assy-
rian host and turned back the invasion. ‘Then follows the ac-
count of the sickness of Hezekiah and his miraculous restoration.
The king of Babylon took the occasion of this sickness to send
an embassy with condolences, and Hezekiah was so rash as to
exhibit to them his treasures, and this was followed by the pre-
diction of the Babylonian captivity. (2 Kings xviii. to xx.
2 Chron. xxix, to xxxii.)
It is evident when we compare the prophecy of Isaiah with
this history that the history of his own time gave form, under
the Spirit, to the book. An illustration of this is found in
chapter vii. 1-14. During the Syrian invasion Isaiah, endeav-
oring to inspire faith in Ahaz, besought him to ask a sign of
the Lord. This Ahaz refused to do, whereupon Isaiah Bo
the great prophecy of verses 13 and 14.
ANALYSIS OF THE BOOK.
This is indicated in Isa.i. 1. In other words it should be
divided by reigns rather than by the subjects treated. The
analysis is as follows:
Section I. Chapters i. to v. Under Uzziah. This
gives the whole case of Jehovah against Judah and Jeru-
salem. They are rebellious children, a fruitless vine.
Chastisement has been tried and failed. Now they must
be devoured. But there is yet a glorious future for
Judah, and Jerusalem is to be the capital of the future
kingdom. Meantime judgment and dispersion must fall.
Section II. Chapter vi. Parenthetic. This section de-
scribes the experience of Isaiah in the year of the death of
Uzziah. It taught him his own sinfulness, but led to his
formal commission as prophet to a people doomed to be
unrepentant and dispersed. |
Section III. Chapters vii. to xiv. Under Ahaz. The
prophet has been silent under Jotham, but now the inva-
sion under Rezin and Pekah brings out his ministry. He
is sent to inspire Ahaz with faith. Ahaz refuses the
evidence upon which his faith might have been estab-
PROPHETS: ISAIAH. I4!I
lished, and the mighty prediction concerning the Virgin’s
Son is uttered. Then follows the sentence upon king
and land. This doom is set forth in the very name of
_ the prophet’s second son, Maher-shalal~hash-baz, which
‘means, ‘‘Speed to the spoil, haste to the prey.” It
should be noted that the name of Isaiah’s elder son spoke
of. restoration after judgment—Shear-jashub, ‘‘a rem-
- nant shall return.” In chapter ix. 6, 7, occurs another
great Messianic prophecy, timely and full of comfort for
-such as had faith. The Son given, the Child born,
should yet sit on David’s throne. This is yet to be ful-
filled. (John xix. 15.) Chapter x. continues the mingled
strain of prediction of woe but also of a future restora-
tion and glory. Thisis the character of the earlier part of
the prophecy. In chapter xi. it bursts into a marvelous
picture of the future kingdom’s glory. The order is
(1) the manifestation of David’s Son; (2) His anointing;
(3) the character of His rule; (4) the result of His rule;
(5) the gathering of the Gentiles into it; (6) the regath-
ering of Israel and Judah (not yet accomplished, for
Israel did not return under Ezra); (7) peace between
Israel and Judah.
This is the kingdom announced by John Baptist as
‘at hand.” -It was then rejected, but will be set up when
David’s Son comes in glory. (Acts xv. 15, 16.) Chap-
ter xii. continues the description, bringing into view the
songs of converted Israelin the kingdom age. Chapter
xili., the burden of Babylon. Her victory was to be the
downfall of Israel, but the prophet foresees her destruc-
tion in turn. This is in accordance with Gen. xii. 3;
“Deut. xxx. 7—a permanent principle in God’s dealing
with the nations. ‘Chapter xiv. continues.the same bur-
deni; and closes with a warning that the death of Ahaz
must not be hailed ah the. sd oe as the end of their
~ troubles.
Section IV. Gtiaptels xv. to lxvi. Written under Heze-
» kiah.: This section divides as follows:
>" Part 1. Chapters xv. toxxxv. The great ‘‘bur-
' dens” and ‘‘woes.”’ As the student will see these are
142
PROPHETS: ISATAH.
chiefly prophecies concerning nations who have
afflicted or will afflict Israel, but interspersed with
comforting assurances for theremnant. It should be
remarked that in the prophets the nation is distin-
guished from the remnant; the latter being the
spiritually minded or true Israelitish believers at
any period (¢. g., Isa. i. 9; Rom. xi. 2-5). In the
Old Testament predictions, however, the remnant
refers (1) to those who returned from the Babylonian
captivity; (2) to those who shall turn to Messiah from
among Israel after the rapture of saints (1 Thess.
iv. 14-16), and be found by Him when He shall
return in glory. These will have suffered awfully
during that time, a full half enduring martyrdom,
and the survivors are the ‘‘brethren” of Matt. xxv.
40, 46. The comforting assurances of this part of
Isaiah refer to the future glory of the kingdom.
Part 2. Chapters xxxvi. to xxxix. This part of
Section IV deals with the history of that part of
Hezekiah’s reign which has to do with the invasion
of Sennacherib, the appeal to Jehovah, and the victory
of the Lord. Particulars are added as to a sickness
of Hezekiah. The part closes with a curt prediction
of the Babylonian captivity. (xxxix. 5-8.)
Part 3. Chapters xl. to Ixvi. This is the loftiest
strain of prophecy. It is asif Jehovah, just in the
moment when His vine Israel is to be cast out and
the nations to trample it underfoot, wills to unveil
the glory of the future of Jacob. The point of view
is the millennial glory of the kingdom. The key-text
of this passage is liv. 7. But this brings in Messiah,
not so much as king, but more as the servant of Je-
hovah, through whom the glory of Israel is to be
established. The great theme, then, of this section
is Messiah, servant of Jehovah. The student should
follow this Messianic line, noting as being subordi-
nate in importance what is said of Israel or the nations.
Note carefully in a reference Bible fulfilled passages,
Instance: Luke iv. 16-21 with Isaiah lxi. 1, 2. Ob-
is
PROPHETS: MICAH. 143
serve where Jesus suspended the reading-—at the
comma in the middle of Isa. lxi. 2. The first ad-
vent, therefore, opened the day of grace, but does
not fulfill the day of vengeance. That will be taken
up when Messiah returns. Matt. xxv. 31-46. That
distinction runs through all this section. There is a
two-fold account of the Coming Servant. He is rep-
resented as weak, despised, rejected, slain; and also as
a mighty conqueror taking vengeance on the nations
and restoring Israel. The former class of passages
relate to the first advent, the latter to the second.
The following may serve as illustrative passages:
First ADVENT. SECOND ADVENT.
2 teh xl. 10.
MIT boo Txt. }=4,
This section contains the fullest prophetic account
of Messiah’s vicarious death. _ liii.
LESSON XXXIII.
Prophets of Judah before the Exile.—continued,
MICAH.
Tue HISTORY OF THE PROPHET’S TIME.
Micah was a contemporary of Isaiah, and, so far as Judah
is concerned, nothing need be added to what was said in Les-
son XXXII., but the prophet tells us (i. 1) that the word of
the Lord that came to him concerned Samaria also, and it is
necessary to glance at the condition of the other kingdom.
During the long reign of Uzziah in Jerusalem the rival king-
dom was the scene of constant confusion and violence. At
the time of Uzziah’s death the throne of Israel was occupied
144 PROPHETS: MICAH.
- by Pekahiah, son of Menahem, a military usurper who had
reigned ten years. After a reign of two years Pekahiah was
assassinated by Pekah, son of a captain named Remaliah, and
Pekah ascended the throne. He reigned twenty years, a con-
temporary with Jotham, king of Judah. This, it will be re-
membered, was.the period of Isaiah’s silence. Pekah’s reign
was troubled by the invasion of Tiglath-pileser, who harried
the land beyond Jordan and, crossing, carried away Naphtali
and the people of Galilee into Assyria.
Pekah, the assassin, was in turn assassinated by Hoshea, who
thus came to the throne. It was Pekah, it will be remem-
bered, who confederated with Rezin of Syria to make war on
Judah, Ahaz then being on that throne. Hoshea reigned
over Israel nine years, a contemporary of Ahaz and in part of
Hezekiah. Hisreign endedin the Assyrian captivity of Israel,
a captivity from which the ten tribes have never returned.
Micah therefore prophesied during the last troubles of the
rival kingdom.
2. GENERAL REMARKS.
Having in mind the history the student will find the proph-
ecy perfectly simple. It calls for no extended remarks.
3. ANALYSIS OF THE BOOK.
Section I. Chapters i. to iii. Jehovah’s case against idol-
-atrous and fallen Israel and Judah, with predictions of the
captivities. eg
Section II. Chapters iv. to vii. The prophecy of the final
establishment of the kingdom notwithstanding the failure and
dispersion of Israel. This section divides as follows:
Part 1. Chapter iv. 1-8. The general predictions
concerning the kingdom to be set up. In Scripture a
mountain is the symbol of a great earth power; hills of
smaller powers. The prediction asserts (1) the ultimate
establishment of the kingdom, with Jerusalem for the
capital; (2) its universality; (3) its character—peace;
(4) its effect—prosperity. |
Part 2. Chapter iv. 9,10. The intervening Babylo-
nian captivity.
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Part 3. Chapteriv. 11-13. Looks forward to the gath-
ering of the nations against Jerusalem during the ‘‘great
tribulation” which immediately precedes the glorious
appearing of Messiah. See Zech. xiv. 1-3; Rev. xix.
17-21, etc.
Part 4. Chapterv. 1-15. The victory over the nations
through the Ruler out of Bethlehem. This brings in
that great Messianic prophecy. v. 2-4.
Part 5. Chapters vi. to viii. The long years of wan-
dering and woe to come upon Israel foretold and justified;
closing with a promise to perform the truth spoken to
Abraham in the final possession of the land.
LESSON XXXIV.
Prophets of Judah Before the Exile.—continued.
NAHUM.
This prophecy is ‘‘the burden of Nineveh,” and foretells its
destruction with vivid detail. It was written about one hundred
years before that event, which conformed so literally to the de-
scription of the prophet that the fulfillment is one of the most
unanswerable proofs of inspiration. It will be remembered that
Nineveh had been the scene of the prophetic ministry of Jonah,
probably about one hundred years before Nahum wrote.
HABAKKUK.
1. Tue History or THE PROPHET’sS TIME,
It seems most probable that Habakkuk Eraatiesied.i in the
latter years of Josiah. Nothing is known of the prophet..
146 PROPHETS: ZEPHANIAH.
2.
GENERAL REMARKS.
In this brief book of the unknown prophet prophecy reaches
its sublimest strain. It has been questioned whether it did
“not in strictness belong with the poetical books. The chief
distinction between Habakkuk and the other prophets of the
decadence is that they are more cccupied with the righteous
claims of Jehovah in government, he with Jehovah Himself.
This is the key. Chastisement is to fall—that is the general
- burden of pre-exilic prophecy—but Habakkuk witnesses to the
3.
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moral glory of Jehovah. Perhaps Judah carried this book
into their captivity as a safeguard against both idolatry and
pantheism. :
ANALYSIS OF THE BooK.
Habakkuk has no distinct structural lines. It is exalted,
sententious, a chant and prayer.
Note. The student should especially observe:
1. What is said of God.
2. The great doctrinal sayings, ¢.g., ii. 4, 14.
LESSON XXXV.
Prophets of Judah Before the Exile.—continuea.
ZEPHANIAH.
Tue History OF THE PROPHET’sS TIME.
Hezekiah was succeeded on the throne of Judah by his son
Manasseh, whose long reign of fifty-five years began in apos-
tasy and shameless idolatry—even the temple having been
turned into an idol house. For this profanation God brought
the Assyrian upon the land, and Manasseh was captured and
taken to Babylon. There he humbled himself before God,
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PROPHETS: ZEPHANIAH. 147
recovered his liberty and redscended the throne. His reign
after his imprisonment was according to godliness.
He was succeeded by Amon, his son, a godless idolater, who
was assassinated after two years, and Josiah, the son of Amon,
succeeded. He reigned thirty-eight years over Judah. His
reign was distinguished by a thorough reformation. Himself
a deeply pious man, he used all his authority for the extirpa-
tion of idolatry and the restoration of the worship of Jehovah.
The high places were broken down; the temple purged and
repaired; the law of Moses reinstated, and a Passover kept.
For this the word of the Lord came to him through a proph-
etess, Huldah, promising personal favor, but Fsconalausls also
the approaching captivity of Judah.
During this reign Zephaniah prophesied. He was a con-
temporary of Jeremiah, who appears, however, to have sur-
vived him.
GENERAL REMARKS, _
The prophecy takes its form from the impending desolation
of Jerusalem, points out the moral state which necessitated it,
and then pictures the final exaltation of Israel in the kingdom
age. The expression ‘‘day of the Lord” reappears. The im-
pending captivity is for Judah a true day of the Lord, but it
is only a picture or illustration of the final day of the Lord.
3.
ANALYSIS OF THE BOOK.
SectionI. Chapter i.1toii.3. The description of the day
of the Lord to be fulfilled in the coming invasion and Baby-
lonian captivity, but adumbrating the final day of the Lord.
It is touching and instructive to note the hope of personal
immunity held out to the meek and repentant in Judah.
ii. 1-3. |
Section II. Chapter ii. 4-15. Predictions of wrath upon
certain peoples. These predictions have been fulfilled with
astonishing literalness. When they were uttered Nineveh
was apparently as stable in her power and grandeur as Lon-
don is now.
148 PROPHETS: JEREMIAH.
Section III. Chapter iii. 1-7. The moral state which justi-
fied the chastisement about to. fall
Section IV. Chapter iii. 8-20. The blessedness of Israel in
the millennium. That the partial restoration of Judah from
the Babylonian captivity is notin view here (at least primarily)
_ is shown by verse 15. Three things are said: ‘‘The king of
Israel, even the Lord, is in the midst of thee;’’ He ‘‘hath
taken away thy judgments;”’ ‘‘thou shalt not see evil any more.”
The theocracy was not reéstablished after the return from
Babylon; Judah’s sorest judgments followed that return, and
she has seen little but evil since. It is the kingdom which
comes into view in this part.
LESSON? XA AY &
Prophets of Judah Before the Exile.—cContinued.
Ae
JEREMIAH.
Tue History OF THE PROPHET’S TIME.
Jeremiah began his ministry in the thirteenth year of Josiah
(i. 2) and exercised it for rather more than forty years. If, as
tradition asserts, Isaiah died during the first part of the reign
of Manasseh, the son of Hezekiah, then Jeremiah’s ministry
began about sixty years after the great evangelical prophet’s
death. Josiah was the great grandson of Hezekiah, Isaiah’s
good king. Zephaniah and Habakkuk were contemporaries
of Jeremiah’s earlier ministry. Jeremiah is commonly classed
with the exilic prophets, but the greater part of his prophecy
was uttered and reduced to writing before the exile. As he
also prophesied during the earlier years of the exile, he may
be regarded as connecting the group of pre-exile prophets
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with Ezekiel and Daniel, distinctively the prophets of the exile.
It was Jeremiah’s hard lot to be God’s chief spokesman to
Judah during the reigns of the last five kings of Judah—Josiah,
Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin and Zedekiah. After the
death of Josiah the kingdom hastened to its end. Necho’s
victory over Josiah at Carchemish reduced Judah to practical
vassalage to Egypt; but about twelve years later Nebuchad-
nezzar took Jerusalem and began the deportation which ended
in the complete captivity of Judah eleven years after. A few
of the poorest were left in the land, and among these Jere-
miah pursued his ministry until they went, against the divine
warnings, into Egypt, whither he followed them, and where
he probably died early in the seventy years’ Babylonian
_ captivity of Judah.
GENERAL REMARKS,
The distinction between what was local and personal and
what is permanent and far-reaching is usually more obvious
_ in Jeremiah than in any of the other prophets. In Isaiah, as
we have seen, these elements are intimate and, to the undis-
criminating eye, blended. He leaps at once, for example,
from exhorting an idolatrous king, to the utterance of a great
Messianic prediction. In Jeremiah the transition is not so
_ abrupt.
. ANALYSIS OF THE BOOK,
It has often been remarked that structural analysis of Jere-
miah is difficult, if not impossible. The analysis is moral,
rather than structural, for the order of arrangement is not
even chronological. The moral order is, however, evident.
1. The prophet rebukes the sins of Judah. No one is
spared. Itis shown that kings, priests and false prophets
are equally guilty and that they have conspired to corrupt
God’s people. The prophet recurs to this again and
again.
2. He details the persecutions which his faithful warn-
ings bring upon him, because this demonstrates the truth
of his testimony as to Judah’s declension. He is God’s
voice, but they will not hear and repent. In the same
150
PROPHETS: JEREMIAH.
way the presence of Christ tested the moral state of the
Israel of His day. )
3. He pleads in the name of God with Judah to
return. Harlot as she is, the Holy One will receive her
back. .
4. But her heart is wholly turned away from the Lord,
and nothing is left but to open His counsels as to the
future. These are three-fold:
a. A near invasion and captivity to last seventy
years.
6b. The predictions of the restoration at the end
of the seventy years are mingled with more ex-
tended and graphic predictions of another restor-
ation from a world-wide dispersion. This second
dispersion, which as we now know was accom-
plished in the year 70 A. D., is not distinctly
foreseen by the prophet, though he does see the
final and permanent restoration. Chapter xxix.
10, for example, foretells the end of the seventy
years, and is immediately followed by a passage
which refers to the final regathering. Verses
14-18. .
c. The final restoration is shown to be accom-
plished after a period of unexampled tribulation
(e. g.. xxx. 3-10) and. in connection with the
manifestation of David’s righteous Branch, who
is also Jehovah-Tsidkenu (¢. g., xxili. 3-8).
5. Then, because Gentile powers have persecuted the
Israelites and violated the land, a persecution and viola-
tion which are to have their final and fiercest fullness in
the days of the tribulation, prophecies are added as to the
doom of retribution which awaits them. These predic-
tions are of a fulfillment partly continuous through the
whole ‘‘times of the Gentiles” (which began with Neb-
uchadnezzar and will end with the restoration of Israel
and the setting up of Messiah’s kingdom), for history
proves a continuous retribution upon the nation which
persecutes dispersed Israel, but in the full sense are to be
‘accomplished when the Lord returns.
i
1.
2.
PROPHETS: EZEKIEL. I5I
II. The Exile Prophets.
LESSON XXXVII.
EZEKIEL.
HIsTory OF THE PROPHET’S TIME.
We now follow Judah out of the land and into the Baby-
lonian captivity. Much light is thrown upon this part of the
story of Israel by the books of Esther, Ezra, Nehemiah and
the narrative parts of Daniel. Ezekiel was a priest and he
received his prophetic ministry ‘‘in the land of the Chaldeans,
by the river Chebar.’”” From i. 1 it is evident that his min-
istry began in the thirtieth year of his age. A new generation
born during the exile, and the coming to maturity of those
who were children during the closing years of the monarchy,
required a fresh testimony. He was a captive priest, and
prophesied during the captivity.
GENERAL REMARKS.
The student should note:
1. The method of Ezekiel’s prophecy, viz., by vision,
chiefly, and by symbolic acts. It will be at once recalled —
that this also is the method of Daniel and of the Revela-
tion. It thus appears to be God’s way of communicating
with His chosen people when they are out of the land.
2. The scope of Ezekiel’s prophecy. Unlike the pre-
exilic prophets of Judah and of the ten-tribe kingdom,
Ezekiel is the voice of Jehovah to ‘‘the whole house of
Israel.’”’ The pre-exilic division into ‘‘Judah” and ‘‘Is-
rael” is, indeed, recognized (¢. g., xxxvii. 16-22), but he
is God’s voice to the whole nation. Speaking broadly,
the purpose of his ministry is to keep before Israel,
especially in view of the coming on of a generation born
in exile, the national sins which had brought national
152
3.
PROPHETS: EZEKIEL.
destruction first upon the ten-tribe kingdom and then
upon Judah; to sustain the faith and courage of the cap-
tives by predictions of national restoration and glory
under the Davidic monarchy; and to bear witness to the
sure doom of their oppressors.
ANALYSIS OF THE Book.
The prophecy of Ezekiel is in seven great prophetic strains
indicated by the expression, ‘‘The hand of the Lord was
upon me.’
Section I. i. 3 toiii, 13. The preparation and com-
mission of the prophet. The vision of chapter 1.. 4-28
had for its object the destruction of self-confidence in the
prophet. See Isa. vi. 1-5; Rev, i. 17. The ‘‘living
creatures” are identical with the cherubim, The subject
is somewhat obscure, but from the position of the cheru-
bim at the gate of Eden, upon the ark of the covenant,
and in Rev. iv., it is clearly gathered that they have to
do with the holiness of God in His dealings with men.
The cherubim are not identical with the seraphim.
(Isa. vi. 2-7.) The cherubim appear to have to do with
the holiness of God as outraged by sin; the seraphim
with uncleanliness in the people of God. The passage
in Ezekiel is highly figurative, but the effect was the reve-
lation of the glory of the Lord. The section falls into
three divisions:
a. i. 3-28. The revelation of the glory.
b. ii. 1, 2. The filling with the Spirit.
c. ii. 3 toiii. 18. The prophetic commission.
Gaesicn Il. iii. 14-21. The commission as watchman
as , a the prophet’ s silence.
Section III. iti. 22 to vii. 27. The prophet’s second
vision of the glory; his dumbness. iii. 22-27. Symbolic
actions reminding Israel of past sufferings and wickedness,
with words describing the calamities visited upon them
because of sin. iv. 1 to vii. 27. But while the primary
_ meaning is retrospective, there is also a forward glance to
_the final siege and dispersion, A. D, 70.
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PROPHETS: EZEKIEL. 153
Section IV. viii. 1 to xxxiii. 20. This section falls
into the following divisions:
1. Former profanations of the temple shown to
the prophet, thus justifying to the new gener-
ation the present national chastisement. viii. 1
tOrEt, 2:
2. The pleading of the prophet for the sparing
of the remnant, and the promise of Jehovah to
be ‘‘a little sanctuary” to them in the lands of
their captivity, and ultimately to restore them.
xi. 13-21.
Further declarations as to the past sins of
Samaria and Jerusalem (e. g., xxxiii. 16), the
consequent punishment, and instructions in
righteousness to the elders of Israel. xi. 22 to
XXIV. 27.
4. The judgments foretold upon Ammon, Moab,
Philistia, Tyre, Sidon and Egypt for sins against
Israel. xxv. 1 to xxxii. 32. In this passage
there is also a reference to the day of the Lord,
and it is safe to say that the ultimate and com-
plete fulfillment awaits that great and awful
day, when the nations shall again make the
East their battle-ground.
5. Assurances of Jehovah’s mercy to the repent-
ant in Israel. xxxiil. 1-20.
fs:
Section V. xxxiil. 21 toxxxvi. 38. This great strain,
though filled with the holy wrath of Jehovah against the
faithless shepherds of Israel, yet rises to the sublimest
heights of assurance and comfort. The shepherd had
proved faithless and scattered the flock, but now Jehovah
will set up a shepherd, ‘‘my servant David.” (xxxiv. 23,
24.) The mention of David is a reference to the Davidic
covenant and to the Seed of David, the Messiah. Con-
nect 2 Sam. vii. 16 with Psa. Ixxxix. 20-36; Isa. vii. 13,
14; ix. 6, 7; xi. 1-12; Jer. xxiii. 2-7; Ezek. xxxvii. 21-28;
Hosea iii. 4, 5; Luke 1. 30-33; Acts ii. 29-31; xv. 14-17.
From these passages it will be seen (1) that the future
154
PROPHETS: EZEKIEL,
blessing of Israel is connected with Messiah, David’s son
and heir; (2) that the rejection of Jesus did not thwart
nor defeat this purpose, since the passages in-Acts declare
that He was raised from the dead to sit on David’s throne,
and that He will ‘‘return”’ for that purpose after the pres-
ent work of visiting the Gentiles to call out a people is
complete; (3) that the restoration spoken of does not refer
to the return of a feeble remnant of Judah at the close of
seventy years of Babylonish captivity, for it is a restor-
ation from all nations. The passage therefore points
forward to the Davidic or millennial kingdom.
Section VI. xxxvii. 1 to xxxix. 29. The vision of the
valley of dry bones. xxxvii. Having announced the res-
toration of the nation, Jehovah now gives in vision, and
symbol, the method of its accomplishment. Verse 11
gives the clue. The ‘‘bones” are the whole house of Israel
who shall then be living. The ‘‘graves” are the nations
‘where they dwell. The order of proceedure is, (1) the
bringing of the people out; (2) the bringing of them in;
(8) their conversion; (4) the filling of the Spirit. Verses
11-14. The symbol follows. The two sticks are Judah
and the ten tribes; united, they are one nation. ‘Then
follows (verses 21-27) the plain declaration as to Jehovah’s
purpose, and verse 28 indicates that then the heathen will
be converted. ‘This is also the order of Acts xv. 16, 17.
Then follows (xxxviii. to xxxix. 24) the doom of ‘‘Gog,
the land of Magog, the chief prince of Meshech and
Tubal.” That the primary reference is to the northern
(European) powers, probably headed up by Russia, all
agree, ‘The whole passage should be read in connection
with Zech. xiv. 1-9; xii. 1-4; Matt. xxiv. 14-30; Rev.
xiv. 14-20; xix. 17-21. The section closes with the vision
of restored Israelin her own land. xxxix. 25-29.
section VII. xl. 1 to xlviii. 35. This section describes
the land of Canaan during the kingdom or millennial age;
the temple, worship and division of the land among the
tribes. For the first time the whole extent of territory
covenanted to Abraham's seed comes into possession.
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LESSON XXXVIII.
The Exile Prophets.—continued.
DANIEL.
HIsTorRY OF THE PROPHET’S TIME.
Daniel, like Ezekiel, was a child of the captivity. He was
of royal or princely descent (i. 3), and for his rank and comeli-
ness appointed to be trained for palace service. From that
time to his death in the third year of Cyrus he lived, in the
polluted atmosphere of an oriental court, a life of singular
piety, spirituality and usefulness. That Daniel was really
written by its reputed author is not only asserted again and
again in the book, but is afirmed by our Lord. Matt. xxiv.
15. He was a contemporary of Jeremiah, of Joshua, the high
priest of the restoration, and of Zerubbabel. The personal
history of the prophet, and so much of the stirring events of
his day as concerns the student of Holy Writ, appears in the
course of the narrative.
GENERAL REMARKS.
The book of Daniel is the indispensable introduction to New
Testament prophecy. The burden of the latter is the apostasy
of the last days, the manifestation of anti-Christ, the great
tribulation which immediately precedes the return of the
Lord, the resurrections and the judgments. All these sub-
jects, except the first, are treated in Daniel. In addition his
prophecy covers the entire period of Gentile supremacy in the |
earth from Nebuchadnezzar to the final destruction of Gentile
domination and the setting up of the Davidic or millennial
kingdom.
Thus Daniel stands alone among the prophets in having for
his principal and central theme the course of Gentile, or world
history. In the other prophets the Gentile is mentioned only
156 PROPHETS: DANIEL.
as incidental to something concerning Israel. Daniel gives
the course of Gentile domination, its character and end.
It should never be forgotten that the sphere of prophecy
concerning political changes is that part of the earth an-
ciently included in the Roman empire.
3. ANAZLYSiS OF THE BOOK.
Section I. Chapter i. 1-21. Introduction. The personal
history of Daniel.
Section {I. Chapters. 1 to 111. 30. The monarchy-colossus
vision of IWebuchadnezzar and its results. This section is
divided as fullows:
Part 1. The forgotten dream and the failure of as-
trologica! jnd magical interpretation. i. 1-12.
Part 2. ‘The revelation of the matter to Daniel. 1.
26. ee
Part 3, ‘The vision and its interpretation. 1. 27-45.
(1) The head of gold. Nebuchadnezzar and his
univetsal monarchy. The student will note that
itis the God of heaven who has taken the sceptre
from the apostate Davidic line and put it into
Gentile hands. Now begin the ‘‘times of the
Gentiles,’ which are to run ‘‘until the times of
the Gentilus be fulfilled.” (Luke xxi. 24.) From
such passages as Acts xv. 14, 15 and Rom. x1.
25, 26 it is apparent that the ‘‘times of the Gen-
tiles” run watil the body of Christ, the church, is
complete, when ‘‘the Deliverer out of Zion” ap-
pears to set. up the Davidic monarchy.
(2) The breast and armsof silver. The ‘‘kingdom
inferior” to Nebuchadnezzar, the Medo-Persian
domination, which followed that of Nebuchad-
nezzar.
(3) The belly and thighs (‘‘sides”’) of brass. The
Grecian rule ‘‘over all the earth” under Alexan-
der the Great.
(4) The legs of iron. The fourth universal mon-
archy, the Roman; ‘‘strong as iron: forasmuch
as iron breaketh in pieces and subdueth all
PROPHETS: DANIEL. 157
things.” The student will observe that more
details are given of the last form of Gentile
world-domination than of the others. This, be-
cause itis the last. There is, first of all, division
into two. So Rome was divided into the eastern
empire, with the capital at Constantinople, and
the western, with the capital at Rome. Then
there is further division into many kingdoms, as
the toes. Next there is deterioration, the feet
and toes being part iron and part brittle (not
‘‘miry’’) clay. ‘There isin it the strength of iron
(absolutism) mingled but not unified with clay
(fickle popular elements in government), so that
the toe-form into which, by division after division,
the once centralized Roman power falls, is not
only weaker by reason of division, but also by
reason of the lack of coherency of the executive
and representative elements of modern govern-
ments. Most noteworthy of all, however, is the
fact that this divided and iron-clay form is not
followed by recovery into brass, silver and golden
forms, but goes on to the catastrophe and de-
‘struction which precedes the setting up of the
kingdom of heaven.
(5) Thestonecut out without hands. Jesus Christ
at His appearing in glory. Observe, the end is
not by absorption and peaceful extension, but by
catastrophe and destruction. Gentile domina-
tion ends in a crash. Afterward the stone
(Christ) grows into a great mountain (world-
power) and fills the earth. ii. 31-45.
Part 4. The pride of Nebuchadnezzar. Chapters ii.
46 to iii. 30. This part needs no special comment.
Section III. Chapter iv. The tree vision and its result.
This part is self-explanatory.
Section IV. Chapter v. The pride of Belshazzar.
Section V. Chapter vi. The history of Daniel carried
through to the accession of Cyrus.
158 PROPHETS: DANIEL.
Section VI. Chapter vii. The beast vision of Daniel. This
Tepeats, with added details, the story of Nebuchadnezzar’s
vision of the monarchy-colossus. It is the story of the four
universal Gentile monarchies told again. The characteristic
difference is, that the colossus vision gives the outward seeming
of the successive world-powers; the beast vision their char-
acter. Authority vested in the Gentile is rapacious, selfish,
cruel. The history of the world since Nebuchadnezzar is a
history of wars. An ocean of human blood has been shed.
The national symbol of every world-power to-day is a beast or
bird of prey.
The ‘‘great sea’ is, in Scripture imagery, always a symbol
of the mass of mankind; (1) the lion-like beast, Nebuchad-
nezzar (the ‘‘head of gold” of chapter ii.); (2) the bear beast,
Medo-Persia; (3) the leopard beast, the Grecian power of
Alexander, divided into ‘‘four heads” after his death; (4) the
beast with iron teeth; here is the last, or Roman, world-
power again. As in the case of the colossus vision, the
greater part of the beast vision and of its interpretation is
given to Rome and what comes of Rome. [Roman civil
power, not the papacy.] As the colossus had ten toes,
so the fourth beast has ten horns. These are explained in
verse 24 to be ‘‘ten kings that shall arise.”’ Much ingenuity
has been expended in identifying the ten (toes—horns) frag-
ments of the former Roman empire. ‘This is useless, as the
prophecy still awaits its fulfillment. It was not fulfilled at
Christ’s first advent, for the Roman power was not then di-
vided at all. Even the preliminary division into East and
West had not taken place. But the image vision requires
that the smiting of the Stone without hands shall be upon the
feet; just as, in the beast vision, the ten-horn form is followed
by the kingdom of the Ancient of Days. The ten kings meant
by the toes and horns are therefore future kings who are to
rule over the sphere anciently dominated by Rome, at the time
when the Stone. shall smite and the kingdom of ‘‘the saints of
the Most High shall be set up.” ‘‘A blind man ought to see
that the action of the Stone is judgment, not grace. The
times of the Gentiles end in wrath and ruin, and there suc-
ceeds them the visible kingdom of God.” (Prof. W. G. Moore-
PROPHETS: DANIEL. 6159
head.) (5) The ‘‘little horn,” verses 8, 24-26, is an eleventh
king, who shall rise among the ten and overcome three of
them. This ‘“‘little horn” is the terrible being described by
Paul (2 Thess. ii. 1-10) and by John (Rev. xiii. 1-8). It is he
who, after overcoming three of the ten horns (kings) of Dan.
Vii., is received as emperor by the others, thus reviving the
Roman or fourth beast dominion in a federate form, as we
learn from Revelation, and who, sitting ‘‘in the temple of God,
showing himself that he is God,’ according to 2 Thess. ii. 4,
becomes thus the ‘‘abomination of desolation spoken of by
Daniel, the prophet,’”’ of Dan. xi. 31 and xii. 11, and of Matt.
xxiv. 15. (6) This ‘‘little horn,” ‘‘man of sin,” ‘‘beast out of
the sea,” prevails until the ‘‘Ancient of Days’ comes, ‘‘and the
time that the saints possess the kingdom.” (Verses 21-27.)
. Section VII. Chapter viii. The ram and rough goat vision.
This is interpreted in verses 21-25. The ram having two
horns is the Medo-Persian power; the rough goat, Alexander
the Great. Out of the four kingdoms into which his empire
was divided—the four ‘‘notable horns” of verse 8—arises
another ‘‘little horn,” not at all identical with the ‘‘little
horn” of chapter vii. As he is called by the same name, how-
ever, it is permittted to see in this second ‘‘little horn’’ who
has risen out of the fragments of Alexander’s empire, a pre-
cursor and adumbration of the last terrible ‘‘little horn” of
Dan. vii., 2 Thess. ii. and Rev. xili. This ‘‘little horn” of
chapter viii. was Antiochus Epiphanes, B. C. 175, the pitiless
scourge of Israelin the heroic period of the Maccabees, and
the first ‘‘abomination of desolation in the holy place.” He
entered the temple, sacrificed a sow on the altar and profaned
the sanctuary. That this could not have been the final deso-
lator of Dan. xii. 11 1s proved by our Lord’s words in Matt.
xxiv. 15, for our Lord spoke at least two hundred years after
Antiochus Epiphanes had fulfilled Dan. viii. 11-13.
Section VIII. Chapterix. The prayer of Daniel and the
vision of the seventy weeks. These are weeks of years;
seventy weeks of seven yearseach. Within these ‘‘weeks” the
national chastisement must be ended and the nation reéstab-
lished in everlasting righteousness. Verse 24. The seventy
weeks are divided into seven, sixty-two, one. Verses 25-27.
160 PROPHETS: DANIEL.
1. In the seven weeks—forty-nine years—Jerusalem
was to be rebuilt in ‘‘troublous times.” This was fulfilled,
as Ezra and Nehemiah record. ©
2. Sixty-two weeks—four hundred and _ thirty-four
years thereafter—Messiah was to be cut off. This was
fulfilled in the crucifixion of Christ. This, in turn, was
followed by the destruction of Jerusalem. From that
event on to the end wars are determined. (See also
Matt. xxiv. 6, 7.)
3. Verse 27 deals with the last week. The ‘‘he” of
verse 27% is the ‘“‘prince that shall come” of verse 26,
whose people (Rome) destroyed the temple, A. D. 70.
He is the same with the ‘‘little horn” of chapter vii.
(See Section VI, above.) He will covenant with the Jews
to restore their temple sacrifices for seven years, but in the
middle of that time he will break the covenant and fulfill
Dan. xii. 11; 2 Thess. ii. 3,4. Between the sixty-ninth
week, when Messiah was cut off, and the seventieth week,
when the “‘little horn” of chapter vii., the ‘‘man of sin”
of 2 Thess. ii., and ‘‘beast out of the sea” of Rev. xiii.,
will run. his awful course, intervenes this entire church
age. Itis a parenthesis not seen by the Old Testament
prophets. Eph. iii. 1-10. Just when the seventieth week
will begin to run is not known. It is identical with the
‘“oreat tribulation,” Matt. xxiv. 15-28; ‘time of trouble,”
Dan. xii. 1; ‘“‘hour of temptation,” Rev. iii. 10.
Section IX. Chapterx. Daniel and the vision of the glory.
Section X. Chapters xi. to xii. The spirit of prophecy here
returns to that which more immediately concerned Daniel and
his royal masters—the near future of the empire in-which he
was so great a personage. . Three kings were yet to follow in
Medo-Persia. Then should come Alexander, the ‘mighty
king” of Grecia. Verses 2,3. His empire should:be divided
into four, as already predicted. The troublous course of
affairs in the distintegrated Alexandrian empire is then traced
down to verse 21. Here we have Antiochus Epiphanes, the
‘little horn’ of chapter viil., again down to verse 36. His
pollution of the sanctuary is again mentioned. From verse 36
PROPHETS: HAGGAI. 161
the interpretation is of the final ‘‘little horn,” ‘‘man of sin,”
‘‘beast out of the sea.” After his profanation of the sanctuary
he puts his palace in Jerusalem. xi. 45. The great tribula-
tion follows, xii. 1, and mention is made of the resurrections,
verse 2. In the New Testament these are seen to be 1,000
years apart. Rev. xx. 1-6. One final time-note is given:
From the profanation of the sanctuary by the man of sin to
the end of the tribulation sltall be 1,290 days.
Such is Daniel. Four world-empires, of which Rome shall
be the last, are to run their course. Rome shall be divided
and disintegrate. Meantime, and before Rome succeeds fully
to the world-power, in the fragments of Alexander’s empire
' Antiochus Epiphanes, a shadow-picture of the last great ad-
-versary, arises and runs his course. Messiah appears and is
cut off. An interval unrevealed to Daniel, the church age,
follows. To the world it is along period of wars and desola-
tions. At last, out.of the ten kingdoms into which the once
centralized Roman empire is divided, arises a fearful being
who becomes earth’s most remorseless tyrant and scourge.
In the height of his career the Stone cut out without hands,
Messiah, smites the whole fabric of Gentile sovereignty and it
falls into ruin, to be followed by the kingdom of the God of
heaven, the saints of the Most High, the millennium.
Ill. The Post=Exile Prophets.
LESSON] AX XH
HAGGAL.
1. History oF THE PROPHET’S TIME.
The three post-exilic prophets, Haggai, Zechariah and Mal-
--achi, exercised their ministry among the feeble remnant of
162 PROPHETS: HAGGAI.
about 50,000 Jews who returned from the Babylonian cap-
tivity after seventy years of bondage. The student should
study carefully the books of Ezra and Nehemiah and the local
and historical references in the three post-exilic prophets.
Briefly, the remnant was in a condition of extreme weakness
and even of peril. The task before them was the rebuilding
of the wall and city of Jerusalem and the reéstablishment of
the national life and religion. . It is but too evident that while
there were many heroic sacrifices and much constancy on the
part of some, the difficulties inseparable from such an under-
taking were enhanced by divisions and covetousness among
themselves. To hearten, rebuke and instruct this remnant
the word of the Lord came by these prophets. To them also
it was given to confirm the older predictions of future national
greatness in the kingdom and to complete the Messianic pre-
diction.
2. GENERAL REMARKS.
There is nothing of difficulty in the study of this brief
prophecy which calls for a general discussion.
3. ANALYSIS OF THE Book.
The divisions of Haggai are marked by the formula, ‘‘came
the word of the Lord by Haggai.”
Section I. Chapteri. 1-2. This gives the event which
occasioned the prophecy. Work had ceased on the tem-
ple and Haggai was sent to stir up the zeal of the people.
See Ezra v. 1, 2.
Section II. Chapteri. 3-15. The prophet points out
evidences of divine displeasure and the cause in the inter-
rupted work of rebuilding the temple. The message
proved effectual. f-7
Section III. Chapterii. 1-9. The prophet calls the old
men who remembered Solomon’s temple to witness to the
new generation how greatly that structure exceeded the
present in magnificence; and he then utters a prophecy
(verses 7-9) which can only refer to the millennial temple
described by Ezekiel. It is certain that the restoration
temple and all subsequent structures including .Herod’s,
PROPHETS: ZECHARIAH. 163
were far inferior in costliness and splendor to Solomon’s.
Verse 6 is quoted in Heb. xii. 26, 27. Verse 7, ‘‘I will
shake all nations” refers to the great tribulation and is
followed by the coming of Christ in glory. Matt. xxiv.
29, 30. ‘‘The desire of all nations” is Christ.
Section IV. Chapter ii. 10-19. The prophet declares
the uncleanness of the remnant and the consequent
chastening of the Lord. |
Section V. Chapter ii. 20-23. A magnificent reference
to the victory of the Lord over the nations. (Rev. xix.
17-20; xiv. 19, 20; Zech. xiv. 1-3.) In that day the
preciousness of faithful Zerubbabel should be manifested
This is identical with the thought of Mal. iti. 17.
MSSSONvrY.
The Post=Exile Prophets.—continued.
ZECHARIAH.
HIsTorRY OF THE PROPHET’S TIME.
This is identical with that of Haggai (Lesson XXXIX.).
GENERAL REMARKS.
In Zechariah the student again encounters much symbolical
teaching, not infrequently exceedingly difficult of interpreta-
tion. But these difficulties he chiefly in the section of the
prophecy which was most local and pertinent to his own time.
Probably they were perfectly intelligible to his contemporaries.
But when we reach the section devoted to the great Messi-
anic predictions these peculiar difficulties almost wholly dis-
appear.
164
3.
PROPHETS: ZECHARIAH.
ANALYSIS OF THE BOOK.
Zechariah falls into two broad and evident divisions:
Section I. Chapters i. to viii.
Section II. Chapters ix. to xiv.
But within these obvious divisions it is difficult to make a
closer analysis. As with Isaiah, any local incident may fur-
nish the occasion for a far-reaching Messianic, or national,
prediction. For the help of the student the following synop-
sis is given instead of a long and confusing analysis:
Chapter i. An exhortation to the restored remnant,
based upon the former sins of Israel and the resultant
chastisements. The former prophets warned the fathers,
but they did not heed. Three months later the prophet
saw a vision. Verse 10 explains it. The earth was at
ease under its Gentile rulers, and this very ease and sat-
isfaction in and with a fallen state which was to God a
mere welter of wickedness and confusion was displeasing
to Him. He was jealous for Jerusalem. The student
should bear in mind that the plan of God for the govern-
ment of this world makes Jerusalem, not Nineveh, or
Babylon, or Athens, or Rome, the capital. A paraphrase
of verses 15 and 16 would be: ‘‘And I am displeased with
the heathen [Gentiles] that are at ease; for I was but a
little displeased [with my people Israel] and they helped
forward the affliction [of them]. Therefore [because
these Gentiles are so ready to afflict my people] I am re-
turned to Jerusalem with mercies [in bringing back this
remnant] and [this is but a feeble foretaste of what I shall
do for Jerusalem in the kingdom age for] my house shall
[then] be built in it,” etc. Then follows the vision of
the four horns, explained in verse 19 as being the four
» _ great Gentile world-powers. (See Dan. ii. and vii.) The ©
carpenters stand for the final wasting of the Gentile do-
minion. :
Chapter ii. The prophecy of the future exaltation of
Jerusalem in the kingdom age.
Chapter iii. Joshua was the high priest of the restored
remnant in the prophet’s day. He is shown as justified,
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PROPHETS : ZECHARIAH. 165
indeed, but in contrast with the Branch in whose day the
iniquity of the land should be removed and the people
established in peace and plenty.
“The Branch” is a prophetic name for Messiah, the
Christ. Heisthe ‘‘Branch of Jehovah,” signifying His
deity (Isa. iv. 2), answering to the Gospel according to
John; ‘‘the man whose name is the Branch” (Zech. vi.
12), answering to Luke; “‘my Servant the Branch” (Zech.
ili. 8), answering to Mark; and the ‘‘Branch of David”
(Jer. xxiii. 5), answering to Matthew. Just as Joshua
had been cleansed and made fit to be a priest, so Israel,
when the Branch should be manifested, should be cleansed
and made fit to be used of God for earthly blessing.
Chapter iv. This chapter bring's into view the blessing
of the whole earth. The primary reference is to the
temple then building by Zerubbabel under great discour-
agement. ‘‘The hands of Zerubbabel have laid the
foundation of this house, his hands shall also finish it.”
That the scene is also prophetical as regards the distant
future is clear from Rev. xi. 1-8.
Chapter v. The vision of the flying roll and of the
ephah. The former indicates the judgment of God upon
the wicked; the latter, more obscure, seems to remind
_ Judah that the present restoration is incomplete, being
under an authority whose seat is Babylon, not Jerusalem.
Chapter vi. The horses are an obscure reference to
the Gentile powers. There is great simplicity from verse
10. Here the prophecy is of Messiah, who shall be an
enthroned Priest.
Chapter vii. Again the prophet is bidden to remind
the people, by reference to former days, of the import-
ance of prophetic warnings. But the warning goes
farther. It declares the divine opinion of mere external-
ities—fastings, praying ‘‘before the Lord,” z. ¢., in the
temple. ‘‘It is a mistake religious man is ever making,
that God must be pleased with him if he attend to out-
ward forms and ceremonies.” (Dennett.)
_ Chapter viii. One of the most magnificent strophes in
166
PROPHETS: ZECHARIAH.
all prophecy. It transports us into the millennium
(verses 1-17) and shows (verses 18-23) how the blessing
shall reach the Gentiles, namely, through the Jews.
Chapter ix. The eighth chapter having shown the
blessedness of millennial peace, the prophet in the ninth
returns and traces, as it were, the steps by which that
peace is brought in. First, as in all the prophets, the
near nations are seen under judgment. There is here an
instance of that which has been often noted, a precursive
fulfillment. The invasion of the Greeks under Alexander
wasted the cities mentioned in the precise order here
given, but the prediction is yet to have a larger fulfill-
ment in the scenes of war and desolation in the Holy Land,
in which the present age will close and in the midst of
which Messiah will appear, as recorded in chapter xiv.
Chapter x. The ‘‘latter rain” is the effusion of the
Spirit predicted by Joel. Pentecost was part of that—
the ‘‘early rain.” The beginning of the kingdom is to be
marked by the ‘‘latter rain;” the ‘‘residue of Spirit.”
(See xii. 10) The rest of the chapter refers to the regath-
ering of Judah.
Chapter xi. The two symbolic staves, ‘‘beauty” and
‘‘bands,’”’ should rather be ‘‘graciousness” and ‘‘union”
the first signifying God’s attitude toward His people; the
second, His purpose to reunite Judah and Israel. In all
this the prophet personates Christ, as we know from the
quotation of verses 12, 13 in Matt. xxvii. 10. Christ at
His first advent came with ‘‘graciousness” to effect
‘‘inion.” He was rejected and sold for a slave’s price,
thirty pieces of silver.
Chapter xii. The scene is now Jerusalem, in the day
when all nations shall be gathered against her (xiv. 2)
and when the Lord shall appear for her deliverance.
Afterward the Spirit will be poured out, and convicted
Judah, seeing the Pierced One, will sorrow unto repent-
ance. The time is the very earliest days of the future
kingdom.
Chapters xiii. and xiv. continue and complete the picture
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PROPHETS: MALACHI. 167
of the glorious appearing of the Lord (Matt. xxiv. 29, 30,
etc.); His victory over the nations, the regathering and
conversion of Judah and Israel, and the establishment of
the millennial kingdom.
Zechariah thus sums up all prophecy:
1. He interprets the past chastisements of Israel.
2. He predicts the first advent of the King (ix. 9).
3. The rejection and crucifixion of the King (xi. 12,
b30x011.265 7):
4, The glorious second advent of the King (xiv. 3-5).
5. The full establishment of the kingdom.
LESSON XLT,
The Post=Exile Prophets.—cConcluded.
ee
MALACHI.
} History or THE PROPHET’S TIME.
Malachi probably prophesied during the absence of Nehe-
miah at the court of Artaxerxes (Neh. xiii. 6), during which
time there was much confusion and backsliding.
2 GENERAL REMARKS. |
The prophecy is so simple that it can scarcely be necessary
to offer any general remarks.
3. ANALYSIS OF THE BOOK.
The book is in four natural divisions:
Section I. Introduction. i. 1-5. The love of God for
Judah.
Section II. Denunciation of the sins of the priests.
6. t0.i1,/9:;
168 PROPHETS: MALACHI,
Section 1{I. Denunciation of the sins of the people.
li. 10 to iii. 18.
section IV. The day of the Lord.
The Messianic promises are: |
Chapter iii. 1-3. The Messenger of the Covenant.
Chapter iv. 2. The Sun of Righteousness.
Both references are to His second advent, at the end of
the tribulation. That coming will be preceded by the
sending of Elijah, of whom John Baptist was the adumbra.-
tion. (iv. 5. 6: Rev. xi. 3-6.)
EXAMINATION. |
SECTION Il, PART 4.
THE PROPHETICAL BOOKS.
Before beginning this examination read Instructions to
Students, page 4.
-*-1. Describe the function and office of an Old Testament
prophet.
2. Give references to the writings of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Joel
and Zechariah to illustrate the various phases of the prophetic
ministry.
3. Write from memory the names of the age. prophets
of the Old Testament.
GRACE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY
WINONA LAKE, INDIANA
170 EXAMINATION : PROPHETS,
4, What 1s meant by “Israel” in distinction from Judah?
5. Write from memory the names of the prophets of Israel
before the exile. |
6. Who prophesied to Israel during the exile?
7. Has the exile of Israel yet ended?
8. Where are the ten tribes now?:
9. Write from memory the names of the prophets of Judan
before the exile.
10. How long was Judah left in the land after the deporta-
tion of Israel?
11. Write from memory the names of the prophets of the
exile. |
12. Of what tribes were they?
13. Write from memory the names of the post-exile prophets.
14. Of what tribes were they?
15. Write from memory the great themes of predictive
prophecy.
16. Give references to the rine of Isaiah, Jeremiah,
Ezekiel, Hosea and Zechariah to illustrate each of these themes.
1%. Give three references to illustrate predictions which have
double fulfillments. |
18. Give references to Old Testament prophecies of the
church,
19. Give the list of subjects about which Jeremiah utters
predictions.
20. What proof is there that Jonah was a real person, and |
that the book is historical?
21. Of what tribe was Amos?
22. What does he predict concerning the future of the Jews?
23. Which of his prophecies refers to Christ?
24. Of what tribe was Hosea?
25. Which of his predictions have been fulfilled?
-26. What has Hosea to say of the ultimate future of the
Jewish people?
27... Who were the Edomites?
28. What prophet first mentions ‘‘the day of the Lord?”
29. What is the character of the ‘‘day of the Lord?”
30. Who among the Old Testament prophets describes the
“day of the Lord” most fully?
31. Has the ‘‘day of the Lord” yet come?
32. Give the passages in Isaiah referring to Christ.
~~
SE ee a na
EXAMINATION : PROPHETS, 171
33. What does Isaiah say concerning the establishment of
Christ’s kingdom as to:
(1) The king’s ancestry? |
(2) The nature of His rule? ~“*
(3) The place of His rule?
(4) The capital of the kingdom?
34. What does Isaiah say as to the purpose of the sufferings
of Christ?
35. Of whom is ‘‘the remnant” composed?
36. Give passages in the prophets which speak of ‘‘the rem-
nant” in the times before Christ?
37. Give passages which refer to the remnant in times yet
future.
38. What is the distinction between ‘‘the acceptable year of
the Lord” and ‘‘the day of vengeance” in Isaiah 1xi.?
39. State in your own words the substance of Micah’s de-
scription of the future kingdom.
40. What great prophecy concerning Christ does Micah utter?
41. What great doctrinal sayings are found in Habakkuk?
42. What does Zephaniah say of ‘‘the day of the Lord?”
43. When did Jeremiah’s ministry begin?
44, How long continue? |
45. State briefly in your own words the personal history of
Jeremiah. :
46, Give your estimate of Jeremiah’s character.
47. Describe in your own words what is predicted in Jer. xxiii.
48. Where did Ezekiel prophesy?
49. What are the living creatures of Ezekiel’s prophecy?
50. Where are seraphim mentioned in the prophets?
51. In what respects are they like cherubim?
52. What is said (giving chapter and verse) of David in
Ezekiel? |
53. Give in your own words an explanation of Ezek. xxxvii.
54. To what period of time does Ezek. xl.—xlviti. refer?
55. Who was Daniel?
56. Where did he prophesy?
5%. Give your estimate of his character?
58. Is there anything in his writings to indicate that he was
a sinner?
59. When did the ‘‘times of the Gentiles” begin?
60. When are they predicted to end?
172 EXAMINATION : PROPHETS.
61. What is meant by ‘‘times of the Gentiles?”
62. What world-monarchies are signified by the vision of
Nebuchadnezzar?
63. How does this differ from the beast-vision of Daniel?
64. What is the last of the four great world-empires?
65. What is its final form?
66. When does the God of heaven set up His kingdom?
67. What means are to be taken to set up the kingdom?
68. Has the image been smitten as yet?
69. Are Jews or Gentiles supreme in government on the
earth now?
70. What does Daniel say of a personage called ‘‘little horn?”’
71. Does he speak of more than one ‘‘little horn?”
72. Had the ‘‘abomination of desolation’? been seen in the
holy place up to the time of Christ?
72b. Give in your own words an interpretation of Dan. it.
%3. Give the explanation of Dan. vii. |
74. To whom did the post-exile prophets minister?
75. Who is ‘‘the Branch” of Zech. ii1.?
76. Who is meant by ‘‘the man that is my fellow” of Zech.
Xili.
77. What do the post-exile prophets say concerning the
events of ‘‘the day of the Lord?”
78. Does Zechariah predict in more than one passage the
advent of Christ?
79. Have both been fulfilled?
80. Give in your own words the order of predicted events in
Zech. xii., xili., xiv.
81. Describe in your own words the testimony of the proph-
ets concerning a coming kingdom as to:
(1) The king.
(2) The place of rule.
(8) The subjects of the kingdom.
(4) The way the kingdom is to be set up.
(5) What precedes the kingdom. |
82. Describe in your own words the prophetic predictions
concerning Christ as to:
_ (1) The place of His birth.
(2) His ancestry.
(3) Tjhe cause of His sufferings.
(4) The nature of His.exaltation.
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